HLTC22H3 Chapter 7: Chapter 7 notes

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ceruleanrhinoceros588

15 Apr 2011

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Composed of five senses: touch, smell, taste, hearing, vision. Allow the nervous system to gain info. Touch: skin is sense organ for touch, meissner"s corpuscles and pacinian corpuscles, with age, these receptors decrease both in number and in sensitivity, diabetic neuropathy. Vision: light passes thru the cornea, muscles in the iris regulate the amount of light that enters the eye, retina contains photoreceptors rods and cones, lens focuses image, cones responsible for color vision, rods transmit info. Black and white but more sensitive to light: whole structure supported by gel-like substances called humors, the cornea, lens, and vitreous humor all diminish in transparency, yellowing of the lens, lens loses elasticity. called presbyopia: muscles in iris decrease in number and strength, collagen stiffens reduces ability of pupil to enlarge. starts at age 20: productive fluids produced less, 4 most common diseases are cataracts, macular degeneration, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, cataracts is caused by exposure to uv-b light, pollutants, steroids etc

Related Questions

Sensory systems

1.All sensory input arrives at the central nervous system in the same form, as ____________ propagated by afferent neurons. Perception of the type and intensity of a stimulus depends on which part of the brain the impulse projects to and the firing frequency the sensory neuron.

A.action potentials B.receptor potentials C.reflexes D.frequency localizations E.thresholds

2.The simplest sensory receptors are __________ that respond to mechanical distortion,changes in temperature, or specific chemicals.

A.nociceptors B.free nerve endings C.gated channels D.photoreceptors. E.ganglia

3.When membrane proteins on an olfactory neuron are stimulated by the binding of a specific chemical, what is the immediate result?

A.membrane depolarization B.membrane repolarization C.active ion transport D.membrane hyperpolarization E.neurotransmitter release

5.The lateral line system provides ________ with a sense of "distant touch," enabling these animals to sense objects that reflect pressure waves and low-frequency vibrations.

A.adult amphibians B.reptiles C.birds D.mammals E.fish

6.Which correctly represents the sequence of steps involved to convey sensory information to the CNS?

A.stimulation and ion flow through the synaptic cleft B.neurotransmitter release and interpretation
C.neurotransmitter release and ion flow through the synaptic cleft D.stimulation, transduction, transmission, and interpretation E.stimulation, transmission, and neurotransmitter release

7.Which of the following stimuli do vertebrates NOT have a specialized receptor for?

A.hearing B.taste C.smell D.humidity E.vision

8.Which of the following is NOT an example of a mechanoreceptor?

A.Meissner's corpuscles B.Ruffini endings C.Merkel cells D.red corpuscles E.Pacinian corpuscles

9.What are the receptors called that transmit impulses that are perceived by the brain as pain?
A. baroreceptors B. chemoreceptors C. nociceptors
D. thermoreceptors E. propioceptors

10. Which of the following do humans NOT have taste buds specialized to sense?

A. salty B. sour. C. sweet. D. vitamins E. bitter

Sensory receptors that are located within blood vessels andvisceral organs and whose signals are not usually consciouslyperceived are the:

A. Chemoceptors
B. proprioceptors
C. exterorecptors
D. interoreceptors
E. Nociceptors
___________________________

Which of the following is an example of a class of slowlyadapting touch receptors?

A.Corpuscle of touch (Meissner corpuscle)
B. Lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscle
C. Type 1 cutaneous mechanoreceptor (Merkel disc)
D. Hair root receptor
E. Photoreceptor
_________________________________________________

The main function of muscle spindles is?:

to sense tension applied to atendon.
to sense referred pain.
to perceive cutaneoussensations.
to sense changes in musclelength.
to sense muscle fatigue

__________________________________________________

ceruleanmink722

A needle is inserted into the right somatosensory nucleus of the thalamus in the central nervous system and the area is injected with GABA.

A. Define the term ânucleusâ as it relates to the statement above.

B. What is GABA and what effect would GABA have on the membrane potentials of neurons in this area? Explain

C. Describe how/why GABA released from axon terminals in the following neural arrangements would alter impulse transmission:

i) an axoaxonal synapse

ii) an axodendritic synapse

D. If information relayed to this area carries precise touch, what specific somatosensensory pathway would be affected by this injection?

E. Which side of the body would be affected? Why?

F. What fiber type is associated with neurons in this pathway and what does this mean?

G. Through what structure does a primary sensory neuron from the hand enter the central nervous system?

H. Where does the first synapse for this somatosensory pathway occur?

I. Describe the type(s) of sensory information carried by this pathway.

J. Name and describe two different classes of primary sensory receptors that are associated with this pathway.

K. Discuss the common features that all primary sensory receptors possess.

L. If an adrenergic substance had been injected instead of GABA, how would this have altered neural transmission? Explain.

HLTC22H3 Chapter 7: Chapter 7 notes

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