OC32941

The central motor system is arranged as a hierarchy of control levels, with the forebrain at the top and the spinal cord at the bottom (see table 14. 1

Somatic sensation enables our body to feel, to ache, to chill, and to know what its parts are doing. It is sensitive to many kinds of stimuli. The cent

The motor system consists of all our muscles and the neurons that control them. The spinal cord contains certain motor programs for the generation of c

Light is electromagnetic energy that is emitted in the form of waves. The visual system begins with the eyes. At the back of the eye is the retina whic

The sense of hearing is known as audition and the sense of balance is regulated by the vestibular system. When an object moves toward a patch of air, i

The vestibular system monitors the position and movement of the head, gives us a sense of balance and equilibrium, and helps coordinate movements of th

Gustation and olfaction have a similar task: the detection of environmental chemicals. In fact, only by using both sense can the nervous system perceiv

Lectures will be posted for download on the intranet every sunday. Print them and add extra notes in class. Office hours: tuesday 4pm 6pm, thursday 10a

Definition: productive efficiency is optimal output from given resources or minimal cost for a given output. We have already seen the concept of produc

Recall that all factors, particularly capital, are variable in the long-run. Entry into or exit from the industry by firms of the same size as existing

Profit = total revenue (p*q) total costs. = total revenue variable costs (in economic terminology) (operating profit = producer surplus in economic ter

We first examine the cost of firms in the period when capital is fixed to understand the importance of marginal cost in the determination of profit max

Suppose that the consumer (household) consumes only two goods (x and y). Given the prices of the two goods (px, py) and the consumer"s income (m), the

We can analyze demand and supply and market equilibrium with linear equations. These are equations of the form y = a + bx where a is the y-intercept, i

Our understanding of elasticity will help us analyze the impact of sales taxes or subsidies on equilibrium price and quantity. The simplest sales tax i

Definition: elasticity measures the responsiveness of a change in a variable to the change in another variable. Definition: price elasticity of demand

Mrnas transcribed from genese by rna poly ii. Exported to cytosol spliced, capped and polyadenylated. 2 subunits (large and small: large = 3 rrnas + pr

Pre-mrnas become associated with ribonucleoproteins (protein-rna complexes) that aid in the removal of introns: mature rna is then transported out of t

The relationship b/w genes and proteins was demonstrated by experiments done by beadle & tatum in 1940s. They hypothesized that if the dna of this orga

How is the info in nucleic acids (dna, then mrna) converted into the order of amino acids incorporated to build a protein: genetic code. Discovered tha

50 different species of trna = transfer rnas. Or: wash out the radioactivity for 3 hours after the pulse = chase, then lyse cells, extract rna and look

Chapter 1 the purpose and use of financial statements. 3 types of activities that companies do: themselves, issuing shares or distributing dividends. I

Chapter 3: attention: attention is the process that enhances some information and inhibits other information. The enhancement enables us to select some

Sensation and perception provide the raw material for cognition. Our perception is not a simple registration of sensory stimuli but sophisticated cogni

Chapter 1 how brain gives rise to the mind. Mental activity or cognition is the internal interpretation or transformation of stored information. Cognit

Chapter 5 encoding and retrieval from long-term memory. Declarative memory includes two types of memories: i. ii. Episodic memory; the memory of events

The understanding of language is relatively automatic. As we hear or read a sentence, we focus on its meaning and comprehend it by using the informatio

Thinking is the process of mentally representing the aspects of the world and then transforming those representations to new representations that can p

Chapter 11 - motor cognition and mental simulation. Putting ourselves into someone else"s shoes requires motor cognition. Motor cognition is mental pro

Decision making involves assessment of all the courses of action available and determination of the action to take that will lead to the best consequen

Chapter 5 encoding and retrieval from long-term memory. Declarative memory includes two types of memories: i. ii. Episodic memory; the memory of events

Chapter 4 - representation and knowledge in long-term memory. Role of knowledge in cognition: knowledge is often thoughts of as made of facts, techniqu