langtu559

Understand how viruses can induce a normal cell to become a cancer cell; give examples of oncogenic viruses

In purple people eaters, purple is dominant to white. A true-breeding white mutant is mated with a different true-breeding white mutant. All of the F1 are purple. When the purple F1 offspring mate with each other, their offspring occur in the ratio of 9 purple:7 white. Which phenomenon explains the purple F1 offspring?

I've been looking at this Ted talk on interspecies internet, andit appears that they have selected a small number of species ofanimals (dolphin, elephant, and some ape(?)) and are intent ondeveloping interfaces for these animals to be able to connect withother animals over the internet.

From the talk, it appeared as if one of the criteria for animalselection was whether or not an animal recognizes itself in themirror. This got me thinking - there are many more cats that haveaccess to technology like the internet or TV or cats that have beeninteracting with touch screen displays. Yet apparently cats cantrecognize their own reflection as themselves.

What is so special about being able to recognize one's ownreflection? Is it a true measure of self awareness? Does it onlyappear in animals with larger brains?

Which structure performs a similar function in both plant and animal cell

A Ribosomes

B Contractile vacuoles

C Chloroplasts

D Cell wall

A Guam rail population has two alleles A1 and A2 at frequencies of 0.9 and 0.1, respectively. (a) what is the probability that A2 is lost in the next generation is 12 offspring are produced? (b) what is the probability that A2 is lost in the next generation if 100 offspring are produced?

1.

Muscle fibers require ATP to contract and relax. Which of the following is way that ATP may be supplied to muscle cells?

Compare and contrast the reciprocal regulation strategies of glycolysis/gluconeogenesis vs. glycogen degradation/synthesis. In your description of each, include two similarities and two distinctions in these processes.

1.What is a waste product of any energy transformation?

2.How do plants transform energy?

3.How do animals transform energy?

Which of the following macromolecules are made from simple sugars?

If Hershey and Chase had found 32P in both the pellet and the supernatant of the phage-infected bacteria, what would have been their likely conclusion about the type of molecule which transmits genetic information?

a. A protein must be the genetic information molecule.

b. DNA is the genetic information molecule.

c. Phage must have stuck to the bacteria in addition to floating in the supernatant.

d. Phosphorus was in the genetic information molecule.

e. No conclusion about the genetic information molecule would have been possible from these results.

In addition to hotter days, global warming will likely include ________________.

1. What specific genetic manipulation does Synechocystis readilyallow that E. coli does not?

2. For transformation of Synechocystis, why do you first plateyour transformant mixture

on a filter on a BG - 11 plate with glucose, and the next daythe TA transfers the filter

with cells to a plate that contains kanamycin (rather thanplating directly on kanamycin)?

3. What is the product of the psbC gene? What is itsfunction?

4. In the PCRreaction, what is the role of each of the PCR reagents: primers,dNTPs,

Mg2+, and Taq polymerase?

5. What are theconsiderations in determining the number of cycles needed for thePCR

reaction?

Mention two similarities and two differences between plasmid and genomic conjugation

1. What specific genetic manipulation does Synechocystis readilyallow that E. coli does not?

2. For transformation of Synechocystis, why do you first plateyour transformant mixture

on a filter on a BG - 11 plate with glucose, and the next daythe TA transfers the filter

with cells to a plate that contains kanamycin (rather thanplating directly on kanamycin)?

3. What is the product of the psbC gene? What is itsfunction?

4. In the PCRreaction, what is the role of each of the PCR reagents: primers,dNTPs,

Mg2+, and Taq polymerase?

5. What are theconsiderations in determining the number of cycles needed for thePCR

reaction?

Hydrocloric acid and sodium hydroxide react so that chlorine from the hydrorcloric acid reacts with the sodium form sodium hydroxide , In this reaction, the sodium atoms loses electrons and chlorine gains an electron. What kind of reaction is the process? Mutiple choice a oxidation b reduction c radiation d mineralzation

Genomics would be most appropriate for addressing which research question regarding the Nene?

The Hawaiian state bird, the Nene, has an uncertain evolutionary history. It is thought that is has evolved from some other type of goose that was blown to the islands during a typhoon.

Immununology:

1. Explain the following. What do they do?

a. ADCC

b. Fc receptor

c. Linked recognition

d. Germinal center

e. Follicular dendritic center

f. Neutralization

g. Opsonization

2. Synthesize everything that happens when you get a breach of the skin. What immune responses take place, in what order, up until the wound is healed.

Imagine a gene encoding a pre-mRNA with twelve exons, ten of which can be alternatively spliced in vivo. Assuming that alternative splicing for this RNA only occurs through exon skipping, how many different proteins can possibly be made from this pre-mRNA as a result of alternative splicing? a. About 10 b. About 20 c. About 100 d. About 200 e. About 1000

) Splicing of mRNA occurs in spliceosomes and chemically is a series of ________ reactions.

All processing of eukaryotic mRNAs takes place in the nucleus after transcription has been completed.(True/False)

Which of the following types of post-transcriptional processing does NOT occur for bacterial tRNAs?

A) Exonuclease cleavage

Degradation of bacterial mRNAs occurs:

A) from the 3' end.

B) largely by the activity of non-specific nucleases.

C) from the 5' end.

D) relatively slowly.

E) from both 3' and 5' ends at the same time.

B) Endonuclease cleavage

C) Non-template directed addition of bases

D) Methylation of bases

E) Addition of a phosphate group to the 5' end

1. You observe that small crustaceans swimming through a sample of ocean water set off light production, but your first guess is that this is due to some bacterium, since bacteria are so metabolically diverse. True or false

2. How did multicellular organisms evolve from unicellular organisms?

Single-celled organisms joined together, or failed to separate after cell division.

Single-celled organisms joined together only.

Single-celled organisms failed to separate after cell division only.

Single-celled organisms joined together, or absorbed other species by endosymbiosis.

One species absorbed another species by endosymbiosis only.

3.Cooperation between or among cells could have been a key step in the evolution of multicellularity.

True

False

4. Autotrophs must acquire carbon from organic molecules produced from other organisms.

True

False

5. The protists, though now known to have multiple origins, were first group due to their being aquatic, and, most of them, quite small.

True

False

6. You are analyzing samples under a microscope, and one sample coming from what you suspect is a fungus. You find tiny filaments, which, in your report, you call

hyphae.

spores.

fruiting bodies.

7. Fungi are classified into phyla based on which characteristic?

organelles

composition of cell wall

photosynthesis

reproductive structures

multicellular vs. unicellular

gills.

chitin.

8.

You are studying two populations of dung beetles, one of which rolls their dung balls at noon, resting at night, and the other of which reverses this. These could speciate due to

behavioral isolation.

gametic isolation.

mechanical isolation.

temporal isolation.

sexual selection.

TAKING EXAM NOW, need fast please!

(a) Which subatomic particle(s) cannot change in an atom of a certain element?

(b) Hydrogen is found in nature in the form of 3 different isotopes called hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium. What does make them different?

(c) An atom of iron is charged (+3). What do we call such atom?

Independent assortment of genes does not takes place when

(a) genes are located on homologous chromosomes

(b) genes are linked and located on same chromosome

(c) genes are located on non-homogenous chromosome

(d) all the above.

If a double crossover occurs between two linked genes, the resulting offspring will be

In Piaget’s theory, each time the back-and-forth movement between equilibrium and disequilibrium occurs, a. Children temporarily regress to a previous stage of cognitive development b. Less effective schemes are produced c. Children adapt more than they organize d. More effective schemes are produced

How to make the research question below into a working hypothesis and then final hypothesis?

Are high-diversity communities less stable through time than species-poor communities, or is community variability regulated mainly by local factors?

The result of convergent evolution is ________ traits

Using examples from our discussions, readings, or speakers, define TWO ways in which ethical and scientific issues involved in international clinical trials might be mitigated by engagement of the scientific community?

“Genetically engineered” or “transgenic” are better terms than “GMO” for plants that have had genes inserted by non-sexual methods.

A. True

B. False

I am confused regarding the presence of valves in the superiorvena cava.

The superior vena cava does not possess valves unlike inferiorvena cava, which possesses Eustachian Valve.

Then where are Haversian valves present?

Aren't they present at the opening of caval i.e., superior venacava.

Then why is it said that there is absence of valves in superiorvena cava?

1. In humans, right-handedness (R) is dominant to left-handedness (r), and brown eyes (B) are usually dominant to blues eyes (b).

a) What are the genotypes of gametes produced by a person heterozygous for both traits?

b) What are the genotypes of gametes for a person heterozygous for brown eyes, but homozygous recessive for left-handedness?

c) Set up a Punnett square for a couple that is heterozygous for both traits. What is the probability that if their first child is brown-eyed and left-handed that the second child is blue-eyed and left-handed?

d) A right-handed, blue-eyed woman marries a right-handed, brown-eyed man. They have two children, one left-handed and brown-eyed and the other right-handed and blue-eyed. By a later marriage with another man, who is also right-handed and brown-eyed, she has seven more children, all of whom are right-handed and brown-eyed. What are the genotypes of the woman and her two husbands?

1) what do sertoli cells do ? choose ALL the correct options

a)synthesize androgen binding proteins

b)remove damaged or abnormally developing sperm

c)produce semiferous tubular fluid

d)form and maintain the blood testies barrier

e)maintain and nourish developing sperm

Need ONE-page essay format with ONE reference:

What processes result in linguistic divergence? What processes might cause different languages to become more similar? Would the world be better off with many different languages spoken or just one universal language? Why do you think so?

During which stage of the cell cycle is the chromosome content of a mammalian liver cell 1n?

a. G1

b. S

c. G0

d. M

e. None of the above

Sickle cell anaemia induce to

(a) change of amino acid in a- chain of haemoglobin

(b) change of amino acid in b- chain of haemoglobin

(c) change of amino acid in both a and b chains of haemoglobin

(d) change of amino acid either a or b chains of haemoglobin.

why is protozoan not considered an animal cell?

The Frye and Edidin experiment involving the binding of antibodiesto the antigen on
a cell and then fusing that cell with another unlabeled cellvalidated what idea?
a. That antibodies are an essential for cells and they bind toantigens.
b. That antibodies bind at two different sites.
c. That membranes have fluid like characteristics
d. That the cell membrane was a mosaic of different proteins.
e. That antibodies must bind to cells to be effective.

abnormal gametes associated with a heterozygous pericentric inversion result from...

What effect does caffeine have on a neuron?

How does is this effect different from what nicotine does?