NUTR2101 Study Guide - Final Guide: Retinol, Hyperkeratosis, Retinoid
Vitamin
Deficiency
Too much
Function
Storage
Excretion
Transport
Absorption
potent form
Notes
Source
A
Night blindness
Xerophthalmia
Follicular
hyperkeratosis
Yellowing
of skin
Acute:
GIT upset
nausea
Chronic:
Liver
damage
Adaptation to
lights
changes
growth and
development
from cell
differentiation
Adipose
tissue and
Liver
carotenoid
excreted
as bile;
others
little as
urine
retinyl ester reform
after travel through
lacteal to
enterocytes for
storage; retinol
convert to either
retinoic acid or
retinyl ester;
carotenoid convert
to retinal then to
retinol then to
retinyl ester; retinol
binding protein
carry retinoids and
VLDL carries
carotenoids
absorb in
small
intestines and
package as
chylomicrons;
retinal esters
spit by bile to
retinol and
fatty acids;
carotenoids
bound to
protein freed in
GIT passive
diffusion
absorption
retinoids
(exist in
form of
retinol,
retinal,
retinoic acid;
interchange
able)
carotene
(beta-
carotene
most potent)
Toxicity due
to
supplement
ation
Sweet
potato; Beef
Liver
D
Rickets in
children
osteomalacia in
adults
softening
of bones
calcium
uptake
adipose
tissues;
liver and
kidney
Bile as
faeces
and urine
Lipoprotein
transportation
(HDL,LDL and
VLDL)
First convert
from D2 to
55(OH)D3 in
liver then to
1,25(OH)2 D3
in kidneys
VitaminD2
Vitamin D3
more activity
1,25 (OH)2
D3 has
hormone
like activity
PTH and
calcitonin;
calcium
level in
blood
regulator;
vegans who
do not
expose to
sun often
need to be
aware
can be
synthesis in
body from
UV light
Canned
Salmon
Document Summary
Adaptation to lights changes growth and development from cell differentiation. Liver carotenoid excreted as bile; others little as urine. Liver retinyl ester reform after travel through lacteal to enterocytes for storage; retinol convert to either retinoic acid or retinyl ester; carotenoid convert to retinal then to retinol then to retinyl ester; retinol binding protein carry retinoids and. Vldl carries carotenoids absorb in small intestines and package as chylomicrons; retinal esters spit by bile to retinol and fatty acids; carotenoids bound to protein freed in. Git passive diffusion absorption retinoids (exist in form of retinol, retinal, retinoic acid; interchange able) carotene (beta- carotene most potent) Rickets in children osteomalacia in adults softening of bones calcium uptake adipose tissues; liver and kidney. Pth and calcitonin; calcium level in blood regulator; vegans who do not expose to sun often need to be aware can be synthesis in body from.
