PSYO 1011 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Donepezil, Prefrontal Cortex, Sensory Memory
55 Multiple choice questions
1.Biology of classical conditioning
A.
B.
C.
D.
2.What is operant conditioning?
A.
B.
C.
D.
3.What are the two types of sensory memory?
A.
B.
C.
D.
4.Memory Enhancers
A.
B.
C.
D.
Amygdala, hypothalamus, frontal lobes
* Amygdala seems to be necessary to pick up associations
Endocannabanoids (promote forgetting)
Conditioned fear
Punish a behavior by removing a wanted stimulus
Ex. When you don't clean your room, your mom take away your phone
Primacy effect: items from the beginning of a list make it to long-term memory because of repeated rehearsal
Recency effect: items from the end of a list can be recalled because they are still in working memory
Punish a behavior by adding an unwanted stimulus
Ex. You park where you aren't supposed to and you get a ticket.
A type of associative learning with an automatic response
Punish a behavior by removing a wanted stimulus
Ex. When you don't clean your room, your mom take away your phone
Punish a behavior by adding an unwanted stimulus
Ex. You park where you aren't supposed to and you get a ticket.
a type of associative learning with connections formed between different sources of information and consequences of actions
Explicit: Specific cortices, prefrontal cortex
Implicit: Stratium, amygdala, cerebellum
Sensory: Large capacity, short duration
Working: small capacity, short duration
Long-term: Very large capacity, long duration
visuospatial
phonological
episodic
Iconic (visual)
Echoic (auditory)
Donepezil, galamtamine: block the enzymes that break down acetylcholine in the synapse
Herbal medications
Stimulants: methylphenidate, amphetamine (promote attention)
Amygdala gives emotional significance to events (especially fearful events)
Emotion enhances Memory
Amygdala activation correlates with memory for distressing videos
Alcohol: blackouts/greyouts
Marijuana: decrease encoding
Emotional memories easier to recall than factual ones, emotions help encode and retrieve memories, Flash-bulb memories (PTSD)
PSYO 1011
Exam 3 Practice Questions
5.What is Thorndike's Law of Effect?
A.
B.
C.
D.
6.What is interference?
A.
B.
C.
D.
7.What are the 2 fundamental rules for classical conditioning?
A.
B.
C.
D.
8.What are the neuroanatomic regions for sensory memory?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Punish a behavior by adding an unwanted stimulus
Ex. You park where you aren't supposed to and you get a ticket.
Reinforcing a behavior by removing an unwanted stimulus
Ex. You buckle your seat belt and the annoying buzzer sound stops
Consequences of behaviour increase or decrease the likelihood of this behaviour being repeated
Punish a behavior by removing a wanted stimulus
Ex. When you don't clean your room, your mom take away your phone
New experiences cause forgetting of previously learned information
Getting sick after eating a food and avoiding that food in the future
Does not follow every response, element of uncertainty
Disruption of memory due to the presence of competing information
1. Multiple pairings of US and CS necessary
2. CS and US must be presented close together
Memories for events that never happened due to misinformation effect or recovered memories
Retrieval of information from the long-term memory to the working memory.
*travels to thalamus
vision: occipital lobe
hearing: temporal lobe
touch: parietal lobe
taste: frontal/temporal lobe
smell: olfactory bulb
*travels to thalamus
vision: occipital lobe
hearing: temporal lobe
touch: parietal lobe
taste: frontal/temporal lobe
smell: olfactory bulb
Explicit: Specific cortices, prefrontal cortex
Implicit: Stratium, amygdala, cerebellum
Prefrontal cortex: Directs attention
Hippocampus: encoding episodes, consolidation
Specific cortical areas for specific tasks
Transcience (decay)
Absent-mindedness (from inattention)
Blocking (inability to retrieve stored information, tip-of-the-tongue, repression
9. Emotional Memory and the Amygdala
A.
B.
C.
D.
10. Fixed interval
A.
B.
C.
D.
11. Types of reinforcers
A.
B.
C.
D.
12. Continuous reinforcement
A.
B.
C.
D.
13. What are the three stages of memory?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Amygdala gives emotional significance to events (especially fearful events)
Emotion enhances Memory
Amygdala activation correlates with memory for distressing videos
Primacy effect: items from the beginning of a list make it to long-term memory because of repeated rehearsal
Recency effect: items from the end of a list can be recalled because they are still in working memory
Amygdala, hypothalamus, frontal lobes
* Amygdala seems to be necessary to pick up associations
Endocannabanoids (promote forgetting)
Conditioned fear
Emotional memories easier to recall than factual ones, emotions help encode and retrieve memories, Flash-bulb memories (PTSD)
consequences follow every response
Consequence after a variable number of responses
Consequence after a fixed time interval
Consequence after a variable amount of timw
Consequence after a variable amount of timw
consequences follow every response
Primary: food,pain
Secondary: money, grades
Previous experiences interfere with learning of new information
consequences follow every response
New experiences cause forgetting of previously learned information
Consequence after a fixed number of responses
Consequence after a variable number of responses
visuospatial
phonological
episodic
Sensory
Short-term (working)
Long-term
Implicit memory: procedural memory. priming
Explicit memory: semantic, episodic
Sensory: Large capacity, short duration
Working: small capacity, short duration
Long-term: Very large capacity, long duration
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PSYO 1011 Full Course Notes
Verified Note
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Document Summary
Long-term: very large capacity, long duration visuospatial phonological episodic. Consequences of behaviour increase or decrease the likelihood of this behaviour being repeated. Disruption of memory due to the presence of competing information: what are the 2 fundamental rules for classical conditioning, multiple pairings of us and cs necessary, cs and us must be presented close together. Blocking (inability to retrieve stored information, tip-of-the-tongue, repression: emotional memory and the amygdala. Emotional memories easier to recall than factual ones, emotions help encode and retrieve memories, flash-bulb memories (ptsd: fixed interval consequences follow every response. Consequence after a variable amount of timw: types of reinforcers. Consequence after a variable amount of timw consequences follow every response. Previous experiences interfere with learning of new information: continuous reinforcement consequences follow every response. Consequence after a variable number of responses: what are the three stages of memory? visuospatial phonological episodic. Long-term: very large capacity, long duration: social learning theory.
