[CHEM 2OA3] - Midterm Exam Guide - Everything you need to know! (74 pages long)

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We can construct all compounds by combining atomic molecules, forming degenerate hybrid orbitals. All the bonds in this molecule has an antibonding mo. Strongest to weakest: sigma, pi, pi star, sigma star. Pi is weaker than sigma if we start with an alkene, we destroy the pi bond during a reaction, but the sigma bond remains intact. Bond length: sigma bond between sp: s e closer to the nucleus. More s character: sp bond is shorter than an sp3 bond. Bond length contracts as hybridization becomes more s in character. Bond strength increases as the hybridization becomes more s in character. Valence shell electron pair repulsion (vsepr: determine the steric number (number of substituents around the atom) Lone pairs count as steric numbers it behaves as a substituent when finding steric number. When steric number is four, we need four orbitals (hybridize one s and 3 p in methane).

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