BPK 105 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Carbonic Anhydrase, Reversible Reaction, Sodium Chloride
27 Apr 2018
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Module 1 Review Questions - Part 2:
1. Describe the three classifications of chemical reactions. Include a specific
example of each type. [6 marks]
Classifications of Chemical Reactions:
Synthesis Reactions- two or more reactions to form a complex product. (A+B----->AB)
( A-P-P + Pi ----> A-P-P-P )
ADP + Phosphate Group ----> ATP
Decomposition Reactions- reactants are broke up into smaller, less complex products.
(A-P-P-P ----> A-P-P + Pi)
ATP ---> ADP + Phosphate Group
Exchange Reactions- combination of decomposition reaction and a synthesis reaction.
AB + CD ---> AC + BD
( HCl + NaOH ---> NaCl +H2O)
2. Draw the reaction catalyzed by Carbonic Anhydrase. Use this reaction to describe
how the body compensates for a rise in hydrogen ions in the blood. Define, then
use, the following terms in your description; pH, buffer, reversible reaction and
equilibrium. [6 marks]
C02 is added to H20 the amount of C02 relative to the amount of H+ increases. The reaction of
C02 with H20 produces more H+, the amount of Co2 is relative to the amount of H+ returns to
equilibrium.
Maintaining a constant level of H+ in the bodies fluids is necessary for the nervous system to
function properly. This level can be maintained, in part, by controlling blood C02 levels.
Carbon dioxide has an important effect on the pH of blood. As CO2 levels increase, the blood
pH decreases (becomes more acidic) because CO2 reacts with H2O to form H2CO3. The H+
that results from the dissociation of H2CO3 is responsible for the decrease in pH. Conversely,
as blood levels of CO2 decline, the blood pH increases (becomes less acidic, or more basic).
- Carbonic acid is a weak acid (pKa1=6.3, pKa2=10.3), and is formed when carbon
dioxide combines with water in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme carbonic anhydrase.
- In solution, carbonic acid is present in equilibrium with the bicarbonate ion via a simple
proton transfer reaction.
- A process that acidifies blood will be neutralized by the bicarbonate ions thus minimizing
the change in pH.
- A process that alkalizes blood will be neutralized by the equilibrium concentration of
carbonic acid.
3. Recently evidence has been found on Mars to indicate there were once bodies of
water there. Describe four important properties of water that are essential to the
functioning of living organisms. [6 marks]
a)Stabilizing body temperature
Document Summary
Module 1 review questions - part 2: describe the three classifications of chemical reactions. Synthesis reactions- two or more reactions to form a complex product. (a+b----->ab) ( a-p-p + pi ----> a-p-p-p ) Decomposition reactions- reactants are broke up into smaller, less complex products. (a-p-p-p ----> a-p-p + pi) Exchange reactions- combination of decomposition reaction and a synthesis reaction. Ab + cd ---> ac + bd ( hcl + naoh ---> nacl +h2o: draw the reaction catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase. Use this reaction to describe how the body compensates for a rise in hydrogen ions in the blood. Define, then use, the following terms in your description; ph, buffer, reversible reaction and equilibrium. C02 is added to h20 the amount of c02 relative to the amount of h+ increases. C02 with h20 produces more h+, the amount of co2 is relative to the amount of h+ returns to equilibrium.
