CRIM 104 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Crime Survey For England And Wales, Ring Theory, Dysfunctional Family
23 Feb 2017
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Document Summary
Classical school (cesare beccaria, jeremy bentham, john howard) Was not necessarily a criminological school: more of a group of philosophers interested in changing the perspective on criminality and deviance and in response to the violent executions for crime. Before the rise in the classical school: guilty until proven innocent, torture to incite confession of guilt, even if not guilty, death penalty very common (hanging/dismemberment/burning), otherwise physical torture used. Deviance caused by free will/hedonistic principle (pleasure vs pain) Deterrence (make punishment greater than pleasure from act) Cesare beccaria (philosopher of punishment/deterrance: founder of classical school, torture was unfair confession =/= guilt. Higher pain tolerance = able to get away with crime. Public punishments: beccaria was persecuted by the catholic church, his teachings have been referred to many times in history. Take into account intensity, duration, certainty of act. Macro theories: broad topics focusing on effects of social structure on criminality (structural theories) i. e merton"s anomie strain theory.
