BIOL359 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Parthenogenesis, Housefly, Biological Specificity
21 Mar 2017
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Document Summary
Phylogenetic characters: character: any attribute of an organism that can provide us with insights into history, characters are typically nucleotide positions in a gene sequence. Homology and homoplasy: homologous: character state inherited from common ancestor, shared character might occur b/c they were evolved independently homoplasy. Parallel evolution: indep evo of same feature from same ancestral condition. Convergent evo: indep evo of same feature from diff ancestral condition. Vultures: polyphyletic, new world and old world vultures provide example of homoplasy. Analogy: fins of whale and shark are homoplasy b/c reversal whales and dolphins reverted back to ancestral state, same function diff ancestor. 3 spine stickle back: evolved indep in costal lakes of bc, +ve assortative mating and disruptive selection have been important in the divergence of these pairs. Constructing phylogenetic trees: use synapomorphies to construct phylogenetic trees and to identify groups that are monophyletic; synapopmorphies are phylogenetically informative, we want to avoid using homoplasious characters to construct phylogenies.
