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AST201H1 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Redshift

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skywalrus825
13 Apr 2011
School
UTSG
Department
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Course
AST201H1
Professor
Stefan Mochnacki

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AST201H1 Full Course Notes
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AST201H1 Full Course Notes
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Document Summary

Universe: the sum total of all energy and matter. Totality of all space, time, energy and matter. Age & size of universe: 13. 7 billion years old. What we can see in the universe is called the observable. The horizon is the limit to what you can see no matter where you are. Light year: distance light travels in one year. The speed of light is c=300 million meters/second (in a vacuum) Contents of the universe: planets, dwarf planets, stars, galaxies etc. Our location in universe: milky way galaxy, neighbour galaxy. Weight: mass = amount of matter in an object, weight = force that acts upon an object. Newton"s laws of motion: an object moves at a constant velocity unless a net force acts to change its speed/direction, force = mass x acceleration, for every force, there is always an equal + opposite reaction force.

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Related Questions

Which of the following statements is not one of Newton's laws of motion?

(a) What goes up must come down.

(b) The rate of change of momentum of an object is equal to the net force applied to the object.

(c) In the absence of a net force, an object moves with constant velocity.

(d) For any force, there is always an equal and opposite reaction force.

(e) All of the above are Newton's laws of motion. 

Which of the following statements is not one of Newton’s laws of motion?

(a) What goes up must come down.

(b) The rate of change of momentum of an object is equal to the net force applied to the object.

(c) In the absence of a net force, an object moves with constant velocity.

(d) For any force, there always is an equal and opposite reaction force.

(e) All of the above are Newton’s laws of motion.

The great astronomer Edwin Hubble discovered that all distant galaxies are receding from our Milky Way Galaxy with velocities proportional to their distances. It appears to an observer on the Earth that we are at the center of an expanding universe. Figure 3.64 illustrates this for five galaxies lying along a straight line, with the Milky Way Galaxy at the center. Using the data from the figure, calculate the velocities: (a) relative to galaxy 2 and (b) relative to galaxy 5. The results mean that observers on all galaxies will see themselves at the center of the expanding universe, and they would likely be aware of relative velocities, concluding that it is not possible to locate the center of expansion with the given information.

Figure 3.64 Five galaxies on a straight line, showing their distances and velocities relative to the Milky Way (MW) Galaxy. The distances are in millions of light-years (Mly), where a light-year is the distance light travels in one year. The velocities are nearly proportional to the distances. The sizes of the galaxies are greatly exaggerated; an average galaxy is about 0.1 MlY across.