GGR124H1 Study Guide - Final Guide: Securitization, Three Cities, Urban Renewal
7 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Final Exam 2016
GGR124 Final Exam Review Terms
Part A: Define and discuss the geographic significance of the following terms, concepts, and
places. Provide examples from the course readings, films and lecture.
1. De-Industrialization
LECTURE
• A shift away from a manufacturing region to a residential/service sector.
• This is usually attributed to the slowing of manufacturing processes or the outsourcing of
them to cheaper places.
RESEARCH
Ex. This is exemplified in the Distillery District. In the 1920s the Distillery moved production to
Windsor and found new use years later as a film location and now as a multipurpose arts district
(service/residential/tourist). Deindustrialization can be tied to many other Urban Geography
concepts including Gentrification and Urban Renewal.
2. Economic Globalization
LECTURE
• It is the growth of transnational corporations and offshoring.
• With a rise in supranational financial industries and better technology, Economic
Globalization is on the rise.
• Changes the international division of labour
Ex. This is best exemplified in the shift of garment manufacturing from local to China, Turkey
and other industrializing countries.
3. Infrastructure
LECTURE
• When they work, infrastructures bring us food, water, power, resources, consumer goods,
information, security, and connections to loved ones
• But the infrastructures that distribute the necessities of life are themselves unevenly
distributed
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Final Exam 2016
• increases social cohesion in urban cores
• Types of Infrastructure:
1) Physical: “The physical networks through which goods, ideas, waste, power,
people, and finance are trafficked”
2) Social: “The networks, relationships, organizations, services and facilities that
allow communities to build capacity”
• “Perhaps no component of the physical infrastructure is more fundamental to the
economic, social, and environmental sustainability of the twenty-first century city than
transportation.” - Miller
• Levinson (2010) argues that the global circulation of stuff is organized largely through
the standard shipping container and the intermodal infrastructures that support its rapid
circulation across rail, road and especially sea
• Most of the world’s commodities move through huge shipping containers
• 90% of the world’s commodities move through maritime space, much of it in the form of
containers
• Like giant lego blocks, these boxes move in vast and growing quantities, mechanizing
and reducing much of the human labour of distribution
• Intermodal transportation underpins the globalization of production
• Warehouses, distribution centres, big box stores, power centres, expressways; the
standardized landscape of global supply chains
Ex. Includes:
Hospitals
community and recreational facilities
public spaces
social housing
volunteer networks and community based agencies
4. Gentrification
LECTURE
• The process by which low cost, physically deteriorated neighbourhoods undergo physical
renovation and an increase in property values, along with an influx of wealthier residents
who displace the prior residents
• Examples of gentrification include New York’s Harlem District. It is slowly being
gentrified; displacing lower income communities by higher income groups
• Key actors: landlords, banks, developers, local state, BIAs
• Three waves of gentrification
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Final Exam 2016
• 1st Wave = Sporadic: individual professionals moving back into the city
converting them back into single family homes
• 2nd Wave = Expansion and Resistance: graffiti and institutionalized resistance
• 3rd Wave = Globalized and Generalized: informal, singular property owners
Government begin to promote gentrification, often times spearhead it
They gain tax revenues from homes that are more expensive
READINGS
• Caulfield: sees gentrification as partially motivated by the desire of suburbanites to
escape the suburbs
Ex. Parkdale:
• before WW1 it was an affluent neighbourhood
• the construction of the Gardiner expressway cut it off from the waterfront
• prices then dropped and it became an area for poor people to rent
• Now it’s in the process of being gentrified because capitalist actors can see the appeal of
the neighbourhood
5. Post-Industrial City
LECTURE
1) ‘deindustrialization’ and the movement of production a. international change (last class)
regional change
the urban landscape
2) the ‘new economy’ and precarious work
growth of the service sector
professionalization
expansion of knowledge intensive occupations
precarious work
3) the post-industrial urban landscape
gentrification and segregation
changing aesthetic norms and forms
Post-Industrial Urban Landscape:
• from industrial to consumption space
• the rise of new industries
• the growth of the ‘service sector’
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Part a: define and discuss the geographic significance of the following terms, concepts, and places. Provide examples from the course readings, films and lecture: de-industrialization. Lecture : a shift away from a manufacturing region to a residential/service sector, this is usually attributed to the slowing of manufacturing processes or the outsourcing of them to cheaper places. In the 1920s the distillery moved production to. Windsor and found new use years later as a film location and now as a multipurpose arts district (service/residential/tourist). Deindustrialization can be tied to many other urban geography concepts including gentrification and urban renewal: economic globalization. It is the growth of transnational corporations and offshoring: with a rise in supranational financial industries and better technology, economic. Globalization is on the rise: changes the international division of labour. This is best exemplified in the shift of garment manufacturing from local to china, turkey and other industrializing countries: infrastructure.
