PCL477H1 Study Guide - Final Guide: Tumor Suppressor Gene, Cancer Stem Cell, Myc
9 Dec 2016
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Abnormal accumulation of cells (hyperplasia)- loss of cell growth control. Inappropriate dissemination of cells (metastasis: cell normally accumulating in a site can leave and grow in other places of the body, e. g. Breast cancer cells go through the lymphatic cells and shows up in the bone. Cell to cell: cells within the same tumor are non-homogenous. Tumor to tumor within the same cancer type. Tumors that differ in location can result in non-homogeneity as well: this makes it difficult to categorize tumors and their responses to treatments e. g. chemo. Cancer cells display defects in regulatory circuits that govern proliferation and homeostasis. Inoculation of cancer stem cells result in tumor genesis in animal models. Sustaining proliferative signaling: cancer cells no longer require signals, or growth factors for cell cycle regulation to proliferate. Evading growth suppressors: normal cells are differentiated and don"t normally proliferate, cancer cells don"t listen to differentiation signals, loss of senescence signal and can grow indefinitely.
