Biochemistry 2280A Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Ketone Bodies, Ketone, Glycolysis
30 Apr 2018
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Biochemistry 2280 – Midterm
Ketone Bones & Biosynthesis
Explain the metabolic role of ketone bodies
- this is how acetyl-CoA is transported from the liver to other tissues
- low glucose conditions
- liver is looking out for the brain; the brain can’t get enough glucose when its
on an extended fast
- it will switch over and use ketone bodies as its main source of energy
- muscle will use them too (because muscle grabs whatever it wants)
- ketone bodies can pretty much move freely
- it can be converted back into acetyl-CoA
Describe how synthesis and breakdown of other biomolecules, such
as nucleosides and amino acids, relate to the key pathways of energy metabolism
- all carbon atoms of cholesterol derive from acetyl-CoA
- glycolytic intermediates are involved in synthesis of lipid, pyrimidines, and certain amino
acids
- intermediates of the citric acid cycle are used to make purines, pyrimidines, certain amino
acids, heme
- these pathways require acetyl-CoA to be diverted away from energy metabolism
- this is one reason why the ATP actually obtained from metabolism is usually lower than the
maximum
- amino acids can also be degraded to produce pyruvate, acetyl-CoA and citric acid cycle
intermediates
• proteins are energy storage molecules
Predict which of the pathways in this topic would be favoured under specified metabolic
conditions, without memorizing individual regulators
High glucose:
• fatty acids are made in the liver and stored as triacylglycerol
• when insulin is high, ketone body process is shut down
• we have intermediates in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to made biosynthetic
molecules
How glucose:
• fatty acids are degraded in the liver to produce acetyl-CoA
• ketone bodies
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Document Summary
This is how acetyl-coa is transported from the liver to other tissues. Liver is looking out for the brain; the brain can"t get enough glucose when its on an extended fast. It will switch over and use ketone bodies as its main source of energy. Muscle will use them too (because muscle grabs whatever it wants) Ketone bodies can pretty much move freely. It can be converted back into acetyl-coa. Describe how synthesis and breakdown of other biomolecules, such as nucleosides and amino acids, relate to the key pathways of energy metabolism. All carbon atoms of cholesterol derive from acetyl-coa. Glycolytic intermediates are involved in synthesis of lipid, pyrimidines, and certain amino acids. Intermediates of the citric acid cycle are used to make purines, pyrimidines, certain amino acids, heme. These pathways require acetyl-coa to be diverted away from energy metabolism. This is one reason why the atp actually obtained from metabolism is usually lower than the maximum.
