Biology 2581B Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Peptide Hormone, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Hormone
3 Jun 2020
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Reading - fundamental of anatomy & physiology 11th edition. Hormones not used as an energy source: act to coordinate & regulate, can regulate at distance. Very potent so only present in trace amounts: um to pm or less (10-6-10-12 m) Hormones can be divided into subtypes on their chemical composition: steroid: derived from cholesterol. E. g. progesterone, testosterone, cortisol: amie: derived from tyrosin. E. g. epinephrine, norepinephrine, thyroxine: polypeptide: relative short, defined amino acid sequence. Mature polypeptide hormones are often derived from precursors: preprohormone, prohormone, hormone. Precursor from may be differentially cleaved to give several different products. Ranging from peptides as short as3 amino acids to large glycoproteins e. g. insulin, glucagon. Peptide hormone are: synthesized in endoplasmic reticulum. They can be secreted by 1 or 2 pathways. Regulated secretion: cell stores hormone in secretory granules & releases them in bursts when stimulated: most common pathway, allows cells to secret a large amount of hormone over short period of time.
