Biology 2581B Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Stauromedusae, Borrelia, Deinococcus Radiodurans

• School: Western University
• Department: Biology
• Course: Biology 2581B
• Professor: David R Smith

Document Summary

Notes microsporidia / microsporidian parasites trichomonad giardia polytomella. A fungi, related to yeast & mushrooms, intracellular parasite. Yeast and mushroom all have 2 genetic compartments, 2 genomes. Parasites have reduced genomes: smallest nuclear genome more than 90% are coding dna, 2 million bp, nuclear genome reduction, mitochondrial genome loss. Empty mitochondria with no genome = no oxidative phosphorylation. Endosymbiotic gene transfer & gene loss have gone to completion. Evolutionary ratchet: endosymbiotic gene transfer & loss. Mitochondrial genome loss (happened multiple times independently) Why keep empty organelle = perform other functions, reliant on nuclear- encoded, organelle-targeted proteins. A green algae, free-living, not a parasite. Has telomeres (2 single-stranded loops at the end of dna strands) = linear. If you denature its linear chromosome, then it would be circular actually. Not a parasite but genomes are still reduced: smallest mitochondrial genome 13000 bp, 7 protein-coding genes (trna and rrna genes) no intergenic non-coding dna, linear, fragmented, chloroplast genome loss.