Biology 1001A Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Bronchus, Hyperpnea, Exhalation
Exercise and Altitude Effects
A. Exercise Effects
1. hyperpnea - increase in DEPTH, not rate
2. steady state - increase in RATE and DEPTH gradually altered to MATCH
gas exchange needs
a. conscious awareness of exercise
b. cortex stimulates muscles & respiratory center
c. proprioceptors in muscles, tendons, joints
B. Altitude Effects
1. acclimatization - physiological adaptation to lower Oxygen content at
higher altitude
a. body “set-points” for Oxygen and Carb Diox will reset over a period of
time
COPD and Cancer
A. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
1. Common features of COPD
a. almost all have smoking history
b. dyspnea - chronic "gasping" for air
c. frequent coughing and infections
d. often leads to respiratory failure
2. obstructive emphysema - usually results from smoking
a. enlargement & deterioration of alveoli
b. loss of elasticity of the lungs
c. "barrel chest" from bronchiole opening during inhalation &
constriction during exhalation
3. chronic bronchitis - mucus/inflammation of mucosa
B. Lung Cancer
1. squamous cell carcinoma (20-40%) - epithelium of the bronchi and
bronchioles
2. adenocarcinoma (25-35%) - cells of bronchiole glands and cells of the
Document Summary
Exercise effects hyperpnea - increase in depth, not rate steady state - increase in rate and depth gradually altered to match gas exchange needs conscious awareness of exercise cortex stimulates muscles & respiratory center proprioceptors in muscles, tendons, joints. Altitude effects acclimatization - physiological adaptation to lower oxygen content at higher altitude: body set-points for oxygen and carb diox will reset over a period of time. "barrel chest" from bronchiole opening during inhalation & constriction during exhalation chronic bronchitis - mucus/inflammation of mucosa. Lung cancer squamous cell carcinoma (20-40%) - epithelium of the bronchi and bronchioles adenocarcinoma (25-35%) - cells of bronchiole glands and cells of the alveoli small cell carcinoma (10-20%) - special lymphocyte-like cells of the bronchi. 90% of all lung cancers are in people who smoke or have smoked. Oogenesis: secondary oocyte released by ovary sperm penetrates secondary oocyte completion of meiosis ii to produce .
