Biology 1001A Midterm: 2011.10.29 - Bio 1001 Midterm Definitions.docx

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ochrebee715

30 Apr 2012

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Electronegativity: the measure of an atom"s attraction for the electron it shares in a chemical bond with another atom. Polarity: separation of electric charge leading to a molecule or its chemical groups having an electrical dipole or multipole moment. Fatty acid: one of two compounds of a neutral lipid, containing a single hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group linked at one end. Triglyceride: a non polar compound produced when a fatty acid binds by a dehydration synthesis reaction at each of glycerol"s three - oh-bearing sites. Amphipathic: contains a region that is hydrophobic and a region that is hydrophobic. Desaturases: a group of enzymes that synthesis unsaturated fatty acids. Archaea: single-celled microorganisms; have no cell nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles within other cells. Eukarya: an organism whose cells contain complex structures enclosed within its membrane. Transmission electron microscope: operates on the same basic principles as the light microscope but uses electrons instead of light.

Related Questions

1)(a) Saturated fatty acid tails have a different shape than unsaturated fatty acid tails. Briefly explain what this means in terms of chemical bonds.

(b) How does the difference in chemical bonds between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids affect the shape of these molecules.

(c) Cell membranes are made mostly of phospholipids (which contain fatty acids) that must maintain fluidity. What type of phospholipids would be better at maintaining fluidity: saturated phospholipids or unsaturated phospholipids? Explain your answer (and make sure your explanation relates to part b).

Unit 2 Organic Chemistry

Organic compounds vs. Inorganic compounds

What makes a compound organic? Inorganic?

Functional groups (phosphate groups, amino groups, carboxyl groups)

Know the structure of each of these groups, and which organic compounds they are found in. You can draw them for your own use.

Hydrolysis

What is it? What is it used for?

Dehydration synthesis

What is it? What is it used for?

Carbohydrates (Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides and examples)

Know the process of joining two monosaccharides together to create a disaccharide.

Be able to give examples of several monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides.

Monosaccharide examples (3)	Disaccharide examples (2)	Complex carbohydrates (3)

Lipids (Saturated vs. Unsaturated; Phospholipids, Steroids)

Define a saturated fatty acid.

Define an unsaturated fatty acid. Draw if it helps.

What process is used to put the fatty acid chain on a glycerol molecule?

Hydrophilic vs. hydrophobic

Define hydrophilic.

What part of the phospholipid is hydrophilic?

Define hydrophobic.

What part of the phospholipid is hydrophobic?

Proteins, types and functions

What is a protein composed of, and what does it do?

Amino acids

Name the three parts of the amino acid that come off the common Carbon.

Identify each of the three parts. (Amino Acid ID game)

Peptide Bonds

How are they formed?

What two parts of each amino acid do they join together?

Enzymes - define.

Levels of Protein structure

Complete the chart below.

Protein structure level	definition
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quarternary

Protein Denaturation

What is it and how does it happen?

Define what a Solute is.

Define what a solvent is

Nucleic acids (DNA, RNA, ATP)

Nucleotide

Name its three parts and be able to identify each of them on a diagram. (Nucleotide ID game)

What are the two possible sugars used in a nucleotide?

Complete the Table below.

	DNA	RNA	ATP
What sugar does it have?
What nitrogen bases does it have?
Provide the pairings of the nitrogen bases of each nucleic acid			N/A
What is its structure?

1. Organic molecules that uncouple the electron transport chainfrom ATP synthesis have what major properties?

A. hydrophilic & basic

B. hydrophobic & basic

C. hydrophilic & nucleophilic

D. hydrophobic & nucleophilic

E. hydrophobic & hydrophilic

2. What is the chemical function of the biological cofactorcoenzyme A?

A. activation of carbonyl-containing groups

B. 1 electron transfers

C. hydride transfers

D. methyl transfers

E. breaking bonds to carbonyls

3. For the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, what is the specificchemical function of the thiamine pyrophosphate cofactor?

A. activation of acetyl-CoA

B. oxidation of lipoic acid

C. reduction of NAD+

D. transfer of the acetyl group to CoA

E. decarboxylation of pyruvate

Explain

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Biology 1001A Midterm: 2011.10.29 - Bio 1001 Midterm Definitions.docx

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