Biology 1002B Study Guide - Horizontal Gene Transfer, Lac Operon, Lac Repressor
16 Mar 2013
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Document Summary
Main ideas for bio 1002b term test 2. Endomembrane: unique series of intracellular membrane compartments found in eukaryotic cells. Ancestral anaerobic bacteria infolding of plasma membrane nuclear envelope, er phagocytosis of aerobic bacteria (atp advantage) into mitochondria cyanobacteria into chloroplast (plants have both m & c) Why is the modern mitochondria genome smaller: lateral gene transfer to nucleus for control. Safely store and edit rna in nucleus unlike ros in mitochondria. Variation through sexual recombination: redundant (hexokinase in nucleus) or no purpose (flagella) genes. Why have some genes not moved yet: haven"t had the chance, more convenient and easier if genes are used and made locally. Crazy coding system e. g. chloroplast makes large rubisco subunit but nucleus makes small subunit: prokaryotic genes cannot move because it is too big or it doesn"t work in the eukaryotic nucleus. If present in mitochondria only, it has not moved. If present in nucleus only, it has moved.
