Law 2101 Midterm: LAW-BIBLE-Term-1
16 Dec 2016
School
Department
Course
Professor
LAW$2101$-$December$Exam$
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Sunday,!December!13th!
7:00PM-9:00PM,!Thames!Hall!Gym!
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• Multiple!choice!
• Counts!for!37.5%!of!Law!101!grade!
• 59!questions!+!1!bonus!=!60!total!
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Questions!on!each!module!are!roughly!proportionate!to!the!number!of!lecture!hours!
on!the!module.!
Legal!system!=!7,!Constitutional!=!10,!Charter!=!10,!Criminal!=!10,!Crim!Pro!=!5!
Cdn!Human!Rights!=!7,!International!Law!=!10!
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Content!
• Some!from!text!alone!
• Some!from!lectures!alone!
• Most!drawn!from!both!sources!
• Profs!made!up!questions!for!their!own!particular!module!
• Cases!–!familiar!with!facts,!know!legal!principles!(what!does!the!case!stand!
for)!
• Statutes!–!familiar!with!content!(s.!15!of!Charter)!
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Circle$both$answers$on$question$sheet$and$bubble$sheet.$
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Lecture'2'–'Sources'of'Law,'Common/Civil'Law,'Court'System'
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Introduction'to'the'Legal'System!
(Christopher!Sherrin,!Faculty!of!Law)!
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What!is!Law?!
• The!publicly!prescribed!rules!that!we!must!follow,!failing!which!we!may!
suffer!some!adverse!consequence!
• A!reflection!of!common!values!of!society!
• A!process!by!which!disputes!are!resolved!
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Sources!of!Law!
• Statutes!
o Broad!and!broadly!applicable!rules!passed!by!legislatures!
o Highly!diverse!
o Can!be!enacted!in!anticipation!of!future!events!
o Historically,!not!primary!source!of!law!
• Regulations!(‘subordinate!legislation’)!
o Detailed!rules!refining,!applying!or!further!describing!broad!statutory!
statements!
o Passed!by!Governor-in-Council!
§ Legislature!authorizes!the!Governor-in-Council!to!create!the!
details!
§ Flexible,!easily!hidden?!
• Common!law/Case!law!
o ‘Rules’!laid!down!by!the!courts!
o Based!on!decisions!resolving!particular!disputes!
o Each!decision!determines!the!law!as!it!applies!to!that!dispute!and!(in!
theory)!helps!determine!the!law!applicable!to!other!similar!matters!
§ Based!on!principle!of!stare&decisis,!the!idea!that!like!cases!
should!be!decided!alike!
§ Court!decisions!guide!the!determination!of!future!similar!
matters!by!courts!
• Constitution!
o Supreme!law!of!the!country,!to!which!all!other!laws!must!conform!
o Very!broad!statements!of!general!principle!that!are!given!concrete!
application!by!the!courts!
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Law!Makers!
§ Federal!government!
o Can!make!laws!that!apply!across!the!country!
o Authorized!to!make!laws!respecting!matters!assigned!to!it!by!the!
Constitution&Act,&1867!
o Also!technically!responsible!for!government!of!the!territories!
§ Provincial!governments!
o Laws%only%apply%within%the%province%
o Authorized%to%make%laws%respecting%matters%assigned%to%it%by%the%
Constitution(Act,(1867%
§ Municipal%governments%
o Laws%only%apply%within%the%municipality%
o Authorized%to%make%laws%only%respecting%matters%assigned%to%it%by%
provincial%governments%
§ Aboriginal%governments%
§ Judges%
o Not%elected%–%appointed%
o Make%law%in%the%course%of%resolving%specific%disputes%
o Do%not%(usually)%just%make%up%law%
§ Guided%by%precedent,%principle,%statute%and%constitution%
o Independent%and%as%impartial%as%possible%
%
Finding%the%Law%
§ Statutes%and%regulations%
o Published%in%hard%copy%and%also%available%online%
o For%federal%see%www.laws.justice.gc.ca/en/%
o For%Ontario%see%www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/index.html%
o For%London%bylaws%see%www.london.ca/d.aspx?s=/By-
laws/default.htm%
§ Case%law%
o Sometimes%published%in%hard%copy%and/or%available%online%
o For%online%see%www.canlii.org/%
%
Divisions%of%Law%
§ Public%vs.%Private%
o Public:%law%relating%to%relationship%between%the%individual%and%society%
and%the%powers%of%various%levels%of%government%
§ E.g.%constitutional%law,%criminal%law%
o Private:%law%relating%to%relationship%between%private%individuals,%
corporations%and%other%entities%
§ E.g.%torts,%contracts,%family%law%
§ Civil%vs.%Criminal%
o Private%lawsuit%between%individuals%vs.%prosecution%by%the%
government%to%enforce%a%public%law%
§ Civil%law%is%designed%to%balance%burdens%between%individuals%
§ Criminal%law%is%concerned%with%the%imposition%of%punishment%
§ Civil%law%vs.%Common%law%
o Civil%law%can%also%refer%to%private%law%system%operating%in%Quebec%
based%on%Civil%Code%
o Common%law%=%whole%body%of%decisions%rendered%by%courts%in%
particular%matters%(private%and%public)%
§ Applies%to%private%law%matters%outside%of%Quebec%
§ Applies%to%public%law%matters%everywhere%across%the%country%
