Psychology 1000 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Realistic Conflict Theory, Out-Group Homogeneity, Stereotype Threat
3 Jun 2018
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Social Relations
• Affiliation and Interpersonal Attraction
o Craig Hill suggests that we affiliate with others for four basic reasons: to obtain
positive stimulation, to receive emotional support, to gain attention, and to
permit social comparison (comparing our beliefs, feelings, and behaviours to
those of others)
o Causes of initial attraction:
▪ Proximity and mere exposure – more likely to develop a relationship with
people who are physically closer
• Mere exposure effect – repeated exposure to a stimulus increases
out liking for it (initial reaction must be neutral or mildly positive)
▪ Similarity – people are more attracted to others who are similar to
themselves
▪ Physical attractiveness – attractiveness plays a great role in attraction
• Matching effect – in romantic relationships, the tendency for
partners to have a similar level of physical attractiveness
• Halo effect – physical attractiveness leads to people seeing other
positive attributes in a person
o Social structure theory – men and women display different mating preferences
because society directs them into different social roles
o Social penetration theory – relationships progress as interactions between
people become broader, involving more areas of their lives, and deeper,
involving more intimate and personally meaningful areas
o Social exchange theory – the course of a relationship is also governed by rewards
and costs of the partners experience
▪ The overall outcome (rewards minus costs) is positive or negative
▪ Outcome is compared against two standards:
• Comparison level – outcome that a person has gown to expect in
relationships
• Comparison level for alternatives – focuses on potential
alternatives to the relationship
o The matching hypothesis – people are friends and in relationships with those
who are similar in level of attractiveness to themselves
• Love
o Different types of love:
▪ Passionate love – involves intense emotion, arousal, and yearning for a
partner
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