HE101 Study Guide - Final Guide: Referred Pain, Caffeine, Umbilical Cord
HE101 Exam Notes
Non-Infectious Conditions
Acute
• Rapid onset
• Short course
• Caused by pathogen
Chronic
• Slow progression
• Long duration
• Lifestyle behaviours are key
Neurological Disorders Types of Headaches
• 14 types of headaches
• Different origins, symptoms and severity
• Treatments vary
Tension Headaches
• Common use OTC to treat
• Causes and symptoms complex bilateral (appear on both side of the head)
• Causes
o Stress, anxiety, anger, certain foods
o Increased pressure on the neck poor posture
o Referred pain: common nerve pathways, nerve is stimulated and affects other
nerves
o Lack of caffeine
Migraines
• Hemicrania half of the head
• 70%: unilateral (one side of the head)
• Vascular migraine/headache
• Associated with changes in size of arteries and out of the brain
• Brain is not sensitive to pain, but different sources of pain are present (ex. arteries,
tissues)
• Constant, throbbing, pulsating pain temples
• Pain may be accompanied by nausea and vomiting
• Sensitivity to light and noise
• Fever, memory loss and loss of consciousness
• Caffeine, alcohol, hormonal changes (menstruation)
• Changes in barometric pressures
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• Genetic links
Cluster Headaches
• Attacks come in groups
• Most severe and intense
• 1-4 in day
• Rare more common in men
• Unilateral
• Pain around one eye, sharp/stabbing pain that lasts 30-45 minutes
• Bloodshot, tearing eyes
• Radiate from eye to forehead, temple and cheek
• Can become violent and suicidal
Participating Factors
• Not hereditary
• Chronic smoking
• Alcohol
• Elevated histamine in blood and urine
Treatment for Headaches
• Pharmacological vasoconstriction
• Surgical cutting the nerve pathway
• Acupuncture
• Massage
Respiratory COPD
• Disease of the lungs
o Emphysema
o Chronic bronchitis
o Asthma
• 80-90% from smoking
Main Symptoms
• Shortness of breath
• Sputum production cannot get rid of properly, due to lower respiratory problems
• Chest tightness (heart has to work harder)
• Cannot reverse progress
Methods of Control
• Cannot be cured controlled
• Appropriate activity
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• Prevention of infection by using antibiotics early on
• Smoking
Medical Treatments
• Bronchodilators expands airways, specifically treats shortness of breath
• Steroids helps with inflammation
• Antibiotics preventative
• Oxygen
COPD + Diet
• Study analyzed participants diet quality and compared to diagnosis of new COPD cases
• Highest diet scores were 1/3 less likely to develop COPD
• Had additional antioxidant protection
• Lungs function in high oxygen environments more free radical produced
• Healthy diet can prevent manipulation of cells due to free radicals
Emphysema (inflated)
• Larger space less functional cells
• Chronic diseases which affects the ability of the patients lungs to exchange gases less
SA
• Damages and destroys lung tissue
• Air stays in lungs due to enlargement of alveoli, decreasing gas transfer
• Alveoli become enlarged and are destroyed causing surrounding airways to collapse
Causes
• Late effect of chronic infection/irritation of the bronchial tubes
• Cigarette smoking contributes
Chronic Bronchitis
• No destruction
• Inflammation of the airways irritation
• Irritation leads to increased production of mucus
• Result coughing, spiting, hard to breathe
• Airway is inflamed, lumen is filled with mucus
• Treatment: same as emphysema and COPD
Congenital Abnormalities
Prenatal Development
• Growth and development is predictable
• Teratogen: environmental agent that causes harm to baby
• Thalidomide: for preventing morning sickness babies born without limbs
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Document Summary
Acute: rapid onset, short course, caused by pathogen. Chronic: slow progression, long duration, lifestyle behaviours are key. Neurological disorders types of headaches: 14 types of headaches, different origins, symptoms and severity, treatments vary. Participating factors: not hereditary, chronic smoking, alcohol, elevated histamine in blood and urine. Treatment for headaches: pharmacological vasoconstriction, surgical cutting the nerve pathway, acupuncture, massage. Respiratory copd: disease of the lungs, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, asthma, 80-90% from smoking. Main symptoms: shortness of breath, sputum production cannot get rid of properly, due to lower respiratory problems, chest tightness (heart has to work harder, cannot reverse progress. Methods of control: cannot be cured controlled, appropriate activity, prevention of infection by using antibiotics early on, smoking. Medical treatments: bronchodilators expands airways, specifically treats shortness of breath, steroids helps with inflammation, antibiotics preventative, oxygen. Emphysema (inflated: larger space less functional cells, chronic diseases which affects the ability of the patients lungs to exchange gases less.
