PS268 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Jean Nicot, Dipping Tobacco, Esophageal Cancer
CHAP 10: TOBACCO
-formally introduced to Europe as herb for treating anything (Jean Nicot called it holy plant)
-about 90% of Canadian tobacco is grown in Tillsonburg (southwest)
-cigar sales reached highest level in 1920 but cigarettes are leading form
-attack on tobacco as health problem began in 30/40s with reports about cancer linkage and tobacco
companies responded to this by forming Council for Tobacco Research to undermine scientific
evidence, and by mass marketing filter cigarettes/ones with lower tar and nicotine
-when given low nicotine cigarette, people take more puffs/inhale more deeply (compensating)
-inverse linear relationship between number of years of education and % of those that smoke
-chewing tobacco: loose leaf sold in pouch or moist snuff sold in can, and nicotine is absorbed through
mucous membranes of mouth into bloodstream
-chewing is not as bad as smoking but increases risk of mouth, pharynx, and esophagus cancer + causes
leukoplakia (white thickening/hardening of mouth tissue, turns into cancer)
-about 85% of all lung cancers occur in smokers (17% of all cancer deaths linked to smoking)
-cancer causing agent not nicotine but aromatics like benzopyrene
-nicotine is CNS stimulant that comes in 2 forms: 1) positive charge 2) electrically neutral and more
easily absorbed through membranes
-industry manipulated product pH levels to shift more nicotine into non-charged, easily absorbed state
-90% of inhaled nicotine is absorbed, one of most toxic drugs (60mg is lethal dose)
-cigar contains enough nicotine for 2 lethal doses but it is not all absorbed in short enough time to kill
-1 cigarette pack has about 160mg
-second hand smoke that gets absorbed into clothing, carpets etc = third hand smoke
-primarily deactivated in the liver, 80-90% modified before excretion through kidneys
-final step in eliminating deactivated nicotine is slowed by nicotine itself as it acts on hypothalamus to
Document Summary
Formally introduced to europe as herb for treating anything (jean nicot called it holy plant) About 90% of canadian tobacco is grown in tillsonburg (southwest) Cigar sales reached highest level in 1920 but cigarettes are leading form. When given low nicotine cigarette, people take more puffs/inhale more deeply (compensating) Inverse linear relationship between number of years of education and % of those that smoke. Chewing tobacco: loose leaf sold in pouch or moist snuff sold in can, and nicotine is absorbed through mucous membranes of mouth into bloodstream. Chewing is not as bad as smoking but increases risk of mouth, pharynx, and esophagus cancer + causes leukoplakia (white thickening/hardening of mouth tissue, turns into cancer) About 85% of all lung cancers occur in smokers (17% of all cancer deaths linked to smoking) Cancer causing agent not nicotine but aromatics like benzopyrene.
