BIOL 2020- Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 41 pages long!)
29 Mar 2018
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Document Summary
Car(cid:271)s are di(cid:448)ided i(cid:374)to (1) monosaccharides: (ch2o)n where n= 3 to 7. Contain a single aldehyde or ketone; many hydroxyls. Typically serve as fuel molecules for immediate consumption. Monosaccharides with 5 or more carbons cyclize (2) polysaccharides. Glyceraldehyde is the smallest aldose you can have (aka aldotriose) When an aldehyde group reacts with alcohol it forms a hemiacetal (2) ketose. Dihydroxyacetone is the smallest ketose you can have, it is the only sugar that is not chiral (aka ketotriose) When a ketone group reacts with alcohol, it forms a hemiketal. The chiral carbon furthest from the carbonyl is the one which will determine if the sugar is named d or l. Arabinose is a diastereoisomer (not a mirror image of ribose) D and l ribose are enantiomers (mirror images) of one another. Glucose is considered alpha glucose when the hydroxyl group on c1 is on the bottom.
