LING 1000 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Adpositional Phrase, Dependent Clause, Adverbial Phrase
12 Apr 2016
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Document Summary
A constituent is any word or group of words that forms a complete structural unit. Phrasal constituents are noun phrase, verb phrase, adjective phrase, preposition phrase, adverb phrase. A phrase is a syntactic head and any possibly occurring dependent expressions. The head is a lexical word in a sentence that is the main word of a phrase. Questioning: a constituent can be questioned and serve as a well-formed sentence fragment in response (e. g. they ate dinner in the park. Substitution: substitute the constituent for a pronoun (the people down the street moved recently. The people down the street - a constituent np) Clefting: it was x that y (e. g. she gave a book to her sister. It was to her sister that she gave a book) The internal structure of a phrase can be represented by means of a tree diagram. Complement: a dependent that expresses a meaning that is directly implied by the meaning properties of a syntactic head.
