PSYC 160 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Organism, Cognitive Neuroscience, Lev Vygotsky
TOPICS:
Name the Theory
• Developmentalists base their theories on the integration of prior observations/findings.
The theories are subject to testing for research
• NO testing with developmental theories of individuals
• Six theoretical perspectives
o Psychodynamic, Behavioral, Cognitive, Humanistic, Contextual, and Evolutionary
• Psychodynamic
o Behavior motivated by inner forces
o Freud
o Erikson
• Behavioral
o Observing behavior and outside stimuli to understand development
o People affected by environment
o Watson
o Skinner
o Bandura
• Cognitive
o Processes which allow people to know, understand, and think about the world
o Emphasizes internal representation of world
o Piaget
o Information processing approaches
▪ Development marked by quantitative advances
o Cognitive neuroscience approaches
▪ Focus on neurological activity influencing thinking, problem-solving, etc.
• Humanistic
o Natural capacity to control behavior
o Rogers
o Maslow
• Contextual
o Relationship between individual and interrelated factors
o Bronfenbrenner
o Vygotsky
• Evolutionary
o Behavior as a result of genetic inheritance
o Relies on ethology – biological makeup influencing behavior
o Darwin
o Lorenz
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