HIST 2057- Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 181 pages long!)
LSU
HIST 2057
Final EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
I.#Prosperity#Decade#!
Standard!of!Living!
• Growing!exponentially!
• Annual!income!grew!over!35%!
• People!are!earning!more!and!working!less!hours!!
o More!money,!more!time!to!use!money,!more!opportunities!for!leisure!!
• 8!hr!days!are!becoming!more!common,!factories!due!to!modern!technology!can!produce!
things!more!quickly!and!can!sell!goods!at!cheaper!prices!
• Construction!Boom!
o Building!up!and!out!
Skyscrapers!and!Suburbs!
• Image!30:!Empire!State!Construction!(1931)!
o Tallest!building!in!the!world!102!stories!!
• Suburbs:!
o More!construction!here!than!cities!
o Individual!family!homes!being!built!for!new!middle!class!(white!families)!
o Came!in!newer!cities!(Detroit,!LA,!NY)!
Number!of!homes!in!Queens!doubled!
Commuting!!
o Land!became!more!desirable,!more!investment!in!land!!
Real!estate!speculation!–!purchase!land,!economy!grows,!sell!land!for!more!
than!bought!
o Physical!symbols!of!US!improvement!of!standard!of!living!!
Corporations!(Managerial!Revolution)!
• Financial!improvements:!
o Merging!with!other!companies!to!form!oligopolies!(few!larger!firms!and!becoming!
corporate!giants)!
Ex:!Sears!Roebuck,!General!Motors,!General!Electric!!
o Began!a!managerial!rev!
Business!being!studied,!business!schools!perfecting!art!of!managing!a!
business!
o Divided!two!major!tasks!of!business!–!ownership!vs.!management!!
Large!companies!went!to!the!stock!market,!anyone!could!become!part!
owner!in!corp,!bringing!more!money!into!the!business!
As!companies!have!more!owners,!people!running!the!company!split!the!
tasks!of!management!
New!class!of!managers!who!would!be!paid!a!salary!!
Including:!
Execs!
Plant!managers!
Engineers!!
They!run!the!company!even!thought!they!don’t!own!majority!
shares!
Expert!managers!found!3!ways!to!improve!productivity:!
Expanding!industrial!research!
Diversified!products!
Combined!production!and!distribution!!
Corporate!giants!producing!more!goods!for!cheaper!prices,!investors!
getting!more!money!
Ford!(Assembly!Line)!
• Henry!Ford!(not!owner)!in!charge!of!innovations!that!allowed!cars!to!be!mass!produced!and!
consumed!by!a!large!number!of!Americans!
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• Detroit!became!Motor!City!
• 1920!–!Detroit!was!4th!largest!city!!
• introduced!assembly!line!1914!
o able!to!produce!a!record!number!of!cars!!
o became!even!more!mastered,!kept!getting!better!
car!production!increased!majorly!
• wanted!a!cheap!price!for!cars,!didn’t!splurge!in!unnecessary!ways!!
o Model!T!only!in!black!!
• Image!31:!Flywheel!Assembly!Line!
o Michigan!(1914)!
o Each!worker!has!a!specific!task!
o Very!successful!!
• River!Rouge!Plant!
o Integrated!factory!–!production!!
Welfare!Capitalism!($5!Day,!Weekend)!
• Introduced!by!Ford,!kept!workers!happy!
o First!corp!to!introduce!2!days!off!a!week!!
o Kept!factories!open‐shopped!
Allowed!workers!to!be!apart!of!a!labor!union!or!not!!
Weakens!labor!unions!
• New!industries!are!now!needed!
o Gas!stations,!highways!!
Mass!Consumption!
• Middle!class!workers!are!buying!cars,!homes,!spending!more!money!
• Cars!and!homes!create!new!forms!of!leisure,!people!are!traveling!further!
• Radio!is!widespread,!music!for!purchase!!
o Record!companies,!radio!stations!hiring!and!advertise!!
• Advertisement!agency!!
• More!managers!and!business!degrees!encourage!consumers!to!make!purchases!on!credit!!
• Culture!was!embraced!but!people!saw!problems!and!limitations!with!new!spending!
Middletown!
• Doc!8F:!!
o Created!by!sociologists!
o Survey!on!an!average!American!suburb/city!on!buying/ownership!of!new!cars!!
o Views!on!how!the!cars!are!changing!peoples!lives!!
People!are!worrying!about!buying!new!cars:!
Need!to!be!saving!more!money!
Not!saving!enough!because!it’s!their!own!fault,!they!should!know!
their!own!means!!
o Credit!!good!vs.!bad!!
!
II.#Republican#Era!
Warren!G.!Harding!
• Ended!progressive!era!on!busting!trust!
• Growing!corps!enabled!prosperity!of!1920s!
• 1920!Election:!
o won!60%!of!votes!
o promised!a!return!to!normalcy!!referred!to!end!of!WWI,!League!of!Nations!
o wanted!to!trust!corps!to!manage!themselves,!not!held!back!by!gov!regulation!then!
they!could!make!the!economy!grow!
• known!for!scandals!in!office!
o accused!of!two!affairs!
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