PSC 140 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Hypertension, Memory Span, Relational Aggression
Midterm 3 Study Guide (PSC 140 Lara)
Covers: Chapters 10, 11, 12, 13 of the textbook (either 6th or 7th edition), plus related lectures and in-class films. ALL MULTIPLE
CHOICE (50 questions).
This guide should help you focus your studying, but it is not exhaustive. There will be some questions on the exam that we did not have time to
address in lectures (these will be substantive topics covered in both versions of the textbook). Although the majority of the test will overlap
between the lectures and the textbook, reading and studying the textbook is very helpful. What I may have covered in one or two bullet points
in lecture will be described more fully in paragraph format.
Tips for using this guide:
(1) Use it as a guide for starting
your studying (after, of course, you have read all the chapters)—you can go back to the book and take
notes on these topics.
(2) Use it to test yourself once you feel you know all the information
—Ask yourself these questions and see how quickly you can recall
the answers. Check yourself. Go back to your notes/book and see how much you accurately remember.
HOW TO GET HELP: The instructor and the TAs are happy to answer exam-related questions during our regular office hours. You can also
post questions using the Questions Related to Midterm 3 Discussion on the course website. Your TAs will respond to these questions up until
6:00pm the night prior to the exam. Please do not wait until the last minute for assistance. Please note that we will NOT simply give you
answers for these Study Guide questions. Part of your effort in studying is to try to locate the answers in the lecture notes and book. We can
then provide feedback about your comprehension.2
Good luck!
https://quizlet.com/300390961/psy-140-midterm-3-flash-cards/?new
^^^ i put some terms up to study
1
THE CONTEXTS OF EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT
Be familiar with the definitions of the several different types of families described in lecture. Also, be able to describe some of the
risks/problems with some of these family types (if any) and the “protective” factors that increase the chances for optimal development within
these different kinds of families.
NOTE: There is a discrepancy between the book’s definition of nuclear family and what I told you in class. Please learn the definition I gave
you in lecture of “traditional” nuclear family. That is, married mother and father, + biological children.
Family Types
Traditional nuclear family = biological mother and father and children
Single parent (never married, divorced, widowed)
●Majority headed by women
Extended/multigenerational family = relatives live with the family (common in Hispanic/African American families, 10% of families
fall into this category; protective factor if child is being raised by a single parent)
Blended Families: = family structure that includes parent, stepparent, and children
Mother-stepfather (most common)
– Stepfather often seen as “intruder”
– Often have limited access to biological father
Father-stepmother
– Adjustment more difficult for girls at first; typically confounded by severe problems with biological mother (not always the case)
Protective factors:
– Strong relationship between biological parent &
stepparent
– “Easing” into parent role by stepparent
– Family therapy
2
Children Raised by Same-Gender Parents
Increasing in recent years
-Easier access to donors
-Increased custody given by courts
Developmental effects:
– No differences from children in families with heterosexual parents
– Depends on quality of parents’ relationship, parenting practices (and parent-child relationship), SES
Issues:
– Relationship to extended family/relatives may be broken
– Concern that children may be stigmatized by peers
Adoptive Families
●Approximately 135,000 children adopted in United States each year (most from foster care system; international adoptions
peaked in 2004)
Adopted children:
– Tend to have more learning and emotional difficulties compared to non-adopted age mates in childhood and adolescence (depends on
age of adoption) ← *before age 2 is optimal*
●Development of racial and ethnic identity affected by practices of adoptive parents
Describe changes in the prevalence of nuclear families in U.S. households from 1970 to present day. What accounts for the drop in the nuclear
family?
1970: 40% of all U.S. households were traditionally nuclear → married man and woman with biological children
2012: 20% of all U.S. households are the “traditional” nuclear family
Why the drop?
Higher rates of divorce; higher rates of single parents; higher rates of alternative or postmodern family arrangements;
higher rates of people never getting married; delayed childbearing or no children
Be familiar with the percentage of children born outside of marriage to women between 20-30 years of age (New York Times article) and how
this has changed in recent years. How do the percentages vary by mother’s race or ethnicity? How do the percentages vary by maternal
education level?
Now, > 50% of children born to mothers under age 30 are born outside of marriage
3
Document Summary
Covers: chapters 10, 11, 12, 13 of the textbook (either 6 th or 7 th edition), plus related lectures and in-class films. This guide should help you focus your studying, but it is not exhaustive. There will be some questions on the exam that we did not have time to address in lectures (these will be substantive topics covered in both versions of the textbook). Although the majority of the test will overlap between the lectures and the textbook, reading and studying the textbook is very helpful. What i may have covered in one or two bullet points in lecture will be described more fully in paragraph format. Ask yourself these questions and see how quickly you can recall the answers. Go back to your notes/book and see how much you accurately remember. How to get help: the instructor and the tas are happy to answer exam-related questions during our regular office hours.
