PSYC212 Chapter Notes - Chapter 1: Cognitive Load, Cognitive Bias, Paraplegia
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Normative models vs. heuristics: although there are optimal strategies to ensure objectively correct answers are arrived people use short cuts most of the time which result in predictable errors. Heuristics includes: representativeness (judgements based on similarity), availability (ease of retrieval), anchoring and adjustment (judgements based on initial standards) and mental simulation (judgements determined by the ease of imagining a particular situation). Representativeness in attribution: similarity of cause and effects. Casual schemas are pro(cid:271)le(cid:373)ati(cid:272) i(cid:374) ter(cid:373)s of (cid:373)isper(cid:272)eptio(cid:374)s of the role of (cid:272)ha(cid:374)(cid:272)e. e. g. the (cid:858)hot-ha(cid:374)d(cid:859) phe(cid:374)o(cid:373)e(cid:374)a of (cid:271)elie(cid:448)i(cid:374)g i(cid:374) (cid:449)i(cid:374)(cid:374)i(cid:374)g streaks and the ga(cid:373)(cid:271)ler(cid:859)s falla(cid:272)(cid:455) belief that the past will influence the likelihood of a future event. Availability in attribution: factors which are more salient, primed and accessible are more likely to be judged as causal. Taylor & fiske (1975) participants observed a conservation between 2 people from different positions around the room thus giving them a different view of the conversation.
