EDEE 280 Chapter Notes - Chapter 8: Mohawk Language, Alliance Quebec, English Canada
23 Jun 2018
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Ch.8
-Death of Maurice duplecis and election of Jean Lesage’s liberals mark the end of the
grande noirceur-the great darkness that had engulfed Quebec
-Institutions and attitudes were swept away transforming state, economy, family & society
-Francophone intellectuals acceded to political power
-Rejection of catholic values in favour of secularism and statism. Modernization,
bureaucratization and influence of the state to cope with the demands of mass education and
welfare state
-State was brought closer to private life and measures such as health insurance, divorce,
abortion, rent control, state automobile insurance, consumer protection, and state
sponsorship of cultural productions raised fundamental issues of societal versus private
rights
-Defence of French language became the centrepiece of nationalism, replacing the
church and legal institutions like civil code as the essential sine qua non for the survival
of francophone society.
**-Bill 101: charter of the french language was central to the fierce language debate
-Tried to isolate federal gov as foreign and even hostile to the aspirations of the Quebec people
-Federal royal commission of bilingualism and biculturalism, sovereignty referendum, partition of
the constitution to the inclusion of the charter rights and freedoms - Quebec’s options were
examined from every perspective
-Unions, municipal reformers, women and social action groups pushed beyond the national
question for political action on social issues such as housing, violence, education and abortion
*-Teacher’s union (CEQ) described school systems of a mirror image of capitalist society
-Reform groups saw independence essential to meeting their social goals
-Quebec’s regional economy assumed greater importance for francophone entrepreneurship
and the state
-Quebec focused increasingly on control of its own economy
-Francophone control on manufactuting
*-International market was more and more american
*-Quebec’s demographic evolution during the Quiet revolution was marked by 4 factors:
a sharp decline in the birth rate, the aging of the population, the decline of the traditional
family, and immigration
-Collapse of church influence and introduction of the birth control pill. Later on,
vasectomies and ligatures replaced the pill
-Fears of the survival of the francophone population fostered linguistic tensions, heightening the
pressure to face the integration of immigrants into francophone society
-Access to abortions affected the birth rate. First available in private clinics than were
increasingly performed in hospitals and community health clinics. Not limited to
adolescents
-Declining birth rate and stable adult morality contributed to an aging population. Increase in
longevity meant increased dependency as disability and loss of autonomy
-Life expectancy of the well off exceeded ten years than those of the poor
*-Greater female participation in the workforce reduced the number of women who were
able to care for the aged
-Gov was forced to create a network of residences for the elderly who have the highest care of
institutionalization
-Number of young people entering the work force slowed and demand for health care and
pensions rose
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-Decline in religious practice and changes in moral attitudes meant that marriage was no
longer the norm for many Quebecers (common law relationships were more common)
-Divorce was an important demographic since reform of the divorce law
-Migration: immigration into quebec and emigration when the election of the parti Quebecois
(mostly anglophones)
-Native population grew
-Oil crisis in 1973. Growth after was slower and accompanied by high unemployment, rising
taxes, greater regional disparities, and the mergence of a postindustrial economy
-Rising nationalism (FLQ terrorism, debates about access to english schools) cannot be
discounted
*-Maites chez nous: Quebec gov became an active player in the economy contributing to
the economic advancement of francophones
-Private electric companies: create thousands of jobs and a generating capacity that
enabled Quebec to export electricity
-Creation of welfare state at both federal and provincial levels, rapid expansion of education &
hospital facilities free from religious control and the enlargement of the civil services to manage
new programs created new opportunities for the francophones to succeed
*-Expansion of hydroelectricity helped make metropolitan Quebec city the fastest
growing urban centre in the province
-Natural resource extraction industries
-Recessions in the American market, relocation of international corporations to the cheaper
labour markers and health hazards associated with asbestos fibres led to the closure of iron,
copper and asbestos mines
*-Food, clothing, textile, leather, wood and tobacco continues to be important and relied
heavily on immigrant and female labour
-Motor of postwar economic expansion was the automobile industry
-Oil crisis benefitted the aluminum industry as automobile manufactures turned to lighter metals
to improve fuel efficiency
-Quebec became a leader in rail and mass-transit technology with the Bombardier company
playing an important part in the international markets
-Greater emphasis was placed on the ternary decor at the expense of resource extraction and
industry
-New state bureaucratic services in health and education enlarged the public service
sector
-Supermarkets came to dominate the sector. Supermarket chains (provigo and metro)
had their own canning, banking and transportation networks and their conscience store
affiliates used price wars to eliminate most of the small independent grocers
-Gov monopoly on the sale of beer and right to sell certain Quebec bottled wines and
lottery tickets kept small outlets in business as convenience stores (depaneurs who
survived by selling cigarettes which were no longer available in drug stores)
-Part time employment became an increasingly important feature of the Quebec labour
market (rarely compensated for the loss of security and career advancement). Benefited
employers by giving them flexibility, reducing costs, and minimizing union strength in
rapidly changing economic conditions
*-Quiet revolution goal: to enable francophones to succeed in business. Created a small
francophone business bourgeoisie. Francophones rose to prominence in large concerns: for
banking, engineering, transportation and food processing and distribution
-Caisse de depot managed Quebec pension plan
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Death of maurice duplecis and election of jean lesage"s liberals mark the end of the grande noirceur-the great darkness that had engulfed quebec. Institutions and attitudes were swept away transforming state, economy, family & society. Rejection of catholic values in favour of secularism and statism. Modernization, bureaucratization and in uence of the state to cope with the demands of mass education and welfare state. State was brought closer to private life and measures such as health insurance, divorce, abortion, rent control, state automobile insurance, consumer protection, and state sponsorship of cultural productions raised fundamental issues of societal versus private rights. Defence of french language became the centrepiece of nationalism, replacing the church and legal institutions like civil code as the essential sine qua non for the survival of francophone society. **-bill 101: charter of the french language was central to the erce language debate.
