PHGY 210 Chapter Notes - Chapter 17.1-17.5: Sex Steroid, Chromatin, Gametogenesis
18 Mar 2017
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17. 1-gametogenesis: germ cells: name given to developing gametes at any point in gametogenesis, gametogenesis process, proliferation of undifferentiated germ cells through cycles of mitosis (46 chromo. ) In males, mitosis occurs in testes of embryo to generate primary spermatocytes and continuous throughout life: takes place in basal compartment. 17. 3-sex differentiation: sex differentiation: processes involved in development of fetus" reproductive system, gonads undifferentiated until 6th week, sry gene on y chromosome then triggers male development. 17. 4-reproductive endocrinology: steroid synthesis starts with cholesterol. In male, most circulating testosterone originates from testes: some androgens produced by adrenal cortex, but unable to maintain male reproductive function by themselves. Estrogen: estrogens (steroid) secreted in large amounts by ovaries & placenta, a little secreted by adrenal cortex, 3 major ones in humans, all produced from androgens by enzyme aromatase. Estradiol: predominant in placenta, produced by ovary & Estrone placenta: produced by ovary & placenta.
