BIOLOGY 1M03 Chapter Notes - Chapter 1: Louis Pasteur, Eukaryote, Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek

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22 Jan 2018

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Plants absorb sunlight; animals ingest food: cells: organisms are made up of membrane-bound units called cells. Almost everything an organism does contributes to one goal: replicating itself: evolution: organisms are the product of evolution, and their populations continue to evolve. 1: when these concepts emerged, they established two of the five attributes of life: organisms are cellular, and their populations change over time (cells and evolution) Even the largest sequoia trees to the smallest bacterium, which is composed of one cell. The cell theory was a direct challenge to this prevailing explanation of where cells came from. At the time, most biologists believed that organisms arose spontaneously under certain conditions. Only those explanations that are supported by enough observational and experimental data to be considered true are known as theories: a prediction is something that can be measured and that must be correct if a hypothesis is valid.

Related Questions

Which of the following provides evidence for evolution?

All of these answers are correct

Comparing DNA sequences between species

Looking at the geographic distribution of similar species

Analyzing transitional fossils

Which one of the following statements is true?

Natural selection works on non-heritable traits.

Mutations only give rise to harmful traits.

Natural selection works on variation already present in a population.

Individuals evolve through natural selection.

Which one of the following can create new alleles?

Which of the following is true concerning evolution?

An individual can evolve

Genetic drift is a non-random part of natural selection

An organism's fitness is determined by how long it survives

Natural selection occurs through a change in allele frequency

All living things need carbon. How does carbon enter the living portion of an ecosystem?

Atmospheric carbon dioxide taken in by photosynthesis.

Atmospheric carbon dioxide taken in by soil bacteria.

Elemental carbon taken in by plant roots.

Elemental carbon taken in by cellular respiration.

Elemental carbon taken in by cellular transpiration.

The burning of fossil fuels:

Releases excess carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

Removes pollutants from the atmosphere.

Was developed by scientists to combat global climate change.

Has no effect on the carbon cycle.

Is good for the environment

__________ conducts water and dissolved minerals from the __________ to the ___________.

Phloem; roots; shoots

Xylem; roots; shoots

Phloem; shoots; roots

Xylem; shoots; roots

What is a disadvantage of growing traditional crops such as corn, soy or sugar cane for making biofuel?

they require lots of land and fresh water

they take carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere

they release oxygen into the atmosphere

they release water through their stomata

______ is the source of the oxygen gas released by a photosystem.

Through what structure(s) do plants obtain most of their water?

Evolution and Speciation

Define evolution. Why is it inaccurate for creationists to tout evolution as âjust a theoryâ? (Think about what theory actually means in scientific terms vs. the use of the word âtheoryâ in casual conversations).

Explain what the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium shows and describe the conditions necessary for the equilibrium to be maintained.

Explain what factors cause populations to diverge from the Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium and how each factor causes the change.

Describe how species evolve via natural selection. (Be sure to discuss the key aspects of natural selection: variation, heredity differential survival and reproductive success in your answer).

What does speciation mean and how can it occur?

What does adaptation mean? Why is natural selection the only agent of evolutionary change that leads to adaptation? (Think about how natural selection works).

Is natural selection all powerful? Can it create any variation that you or I could think of? Why or why not?

Differentiate between natural and sexual selection.

What is reproductive isolation?

Describe prezygotic and postzygotic mechanisms of reproductive isolation and explain how they can contribute to speciation.

Distinguish between allopatric and sympatric speciation and explain how each leads to new species.

What is adaptive radiation?

Be able to read and interpret phylogenetic trees: be able to determine which species are most closely related to each other, what nodes represent, where common ancestors would be located, etc.

What are paraphyletic, polyphyletic and monophyletic groups within a phylogeny?

viridianmanatee515

Community Ecology

6. Competition between species is called ____________ competition. A. interspecific
B. exploitative
C. interference

D. fundamental E. intraspecific

7. A species that plays a critical role in maintaining the structure of an ecological community and helps to determine the types and numbers of various other species in the community is known as
A. a predator.

B. a keystone species. C. the primary species. D. the dominant species. E. the alpha species.

Evolution

1. We build trees because:
A. Organisms are related like members of a family are related.
B. Each lineage has a common ancestor that gave rise to that lineage. C. Characteristics are passed on from parents to offspring.
D. all of the above

2. Evolution basically denotes change in populations to: A. Improve reproductive success.
B. Remove defective individuals.
C. Increase the survival of the most fit individuals.

D. Discover better genes.

3. We can put species into groups based on shared: A. genes.
B. characteristics.
C. ecology.

D. environment.

4. Bats and birds share a common characteristic like having four limbs- homologies- with: A. Amphibians
B. Rodents.
C. Reptiles.

D. all of the above.

5. Which of these are mechanisms of evolution? A. Mutation
B. Migration
C. Gene flow

D. all of the above

6. Natural selection involves the following: A. Variation in traits
B. Differential reproduction
C. Hereditary

D. all of the above

BIOLOGY 1M03 Chapter Notes - Chapter 1: Louis Pasteur, Eukaryote, Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek

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