CHEM 2E03 Chapter Notes - Chapter 11: Carbon–Carbon Bond, Dichloromethane, Reagent
Document Summary
When bonds break homolytically, free radicals are formed: radical process employs fishhook arrows (single-barbed), indicating motion of only one electron. Free radicals can be thought of as sp2 hybridized or quickly interconverting sp3 hybridized: somewhere between sp2 and sp3 since they"re between an empty and full p orbital. Consider them to be flat (trigonal planar) entities. Most free radicals are unstable due to their incomplete octet. Groups that can donate electrons towards a free radical will help stabilize it hyperconjugation. Increasing stability & ease of formation/ decreasing bde (bond dissociation energy) of radicals : methyl primary secondary tertiary. Alkyl groups are electron donating, and can donate e- density into orbital to stabilize it. Majority of radical situations require only one resonance pattern, characterized by an unpaired electron next to a pi bond in an allylic position. The unpaired electron is resonance stabilized and 3 fishhook arrows are used to draw the resonance structure.
