BIOL 102 Chapter Notes - Chapter 11: Aminoacyl-Trna, Lysine, Reading Frame
20 Aug 2016
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How genes are used to make proteins how dna sequences organized into genes, how they"re used as templates to make rna and how a set of rna work together to synthesize functional proteins. Gene expression: gene function at the trait level and at the molecular level. 11. 1: genes control biochemical reactions by encoding the polypeptide. Mutation: an inheritable change in the genetic material, altering the gene to affect their function. The study of inborn errors of metabolism suggested genes encode enzymes. Biochemists found metabolic pathways consists of a series of conversions of a molecule into another, each catalyzed by an enzyme. Basically a specific enzyme catalyzes a single chemical reaction. (ie. phenylalanine broken down by phenylalanine hydroxylase into tyrosine, tyrosine aminotransferase converts into p=hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid) Archibald garrod, proposed relationship between genes and the production of enzymes. Studied the inherited disease alkaptonuria, buildup of homogentisic (alkapton) in the body due to a missing/defective enzyme, homogentisic acid oxidase.
