BLG 143 Chapter Notes - Chapter 5: Covalent Bond, Ketose, Starch
2 Nov 2017
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Ie: when the cyclic structure forms in glucose, the c1 carbon forms a bond with the oxygen atoms of the c5 hydroxyl, and its carboxyl becomes a hydroxyl group. This hydroxyl group can be orientated in two distinct ways: above or below the plane of the ring. Starch: energy storage in plants: consists entirely of alpha-glucose monomers joined by glycosidic linkages, the linkage b/w carbons 1-4 causes the chain to coil into a helix. Is a mixture of two polysaccharides: unbranched: amylose (30%); resistant to breakdown, branched: amylopectin (70%); more easily broken down. Branching occurs (every 30 monomers) when glycosidic linkages form between c1 on one strand and c6 on another strand. Glycogen: energy storage in animals: when exercising, enzymes begin breaking glycogen into glucose monomers, which are then processed in muscle cells to supply energy. Identical to branched starch but produces a branch every 10 monomers.
