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HomeTextbook Notes300,000CA170,000

ECN 204 Chapter 10: Chapter 10 Basic Macroeconomic Relationships

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limeseal665
21 Mar 2016
School
Ryerson University
Department
Economics
Course
ECN 204
Professor
Eric Kam

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Document Summary

Saving (s) = disposable income (di) - consumption (c) Direct relations: consumption rises as income increases saving is negative (dissaving occurs) when the consumption schedule is above the 45 degree line saving is positive when the consumption schedule is below 45 degree line. Reflects the direct consumption-disposable income relationship (in the aggregate) households increase their spending as their disposable income rises and spend a larger proportion of a smaller disposable income than a larger disposable income. Saving equals disposable income less consumption (s = di - c) Only need to subtract consumption from disposable income to find the amount saved at each di. The fraction/percentage of total income that is consumed is the. The fraction of total income that is saved is the average propensity to save (aps) The proportion/fraction of any change in income consumed is called. Marginal propensity to consume (mpc), with marginal meaning extra or a change in.

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Related Questions

The following table is a consumption schedule. Assume taxes and transfer payments are zero and that all saving is personal saving.

(GDP = DI)

C

S

APC

APS

$1,500

$1,540

$_____

1.027

ā€“0.027

$1,600

$1,620

_____

1.013

ā€“0.013

$1,700

$1,700

_____

_____

_____

$1,800

$1,780

_____

0.989

0.011

$1,900

$1,860

_____

0.979

0.021

$2,000

$1,940

_____

_____

_____

$2,100

$2,020

_____

0.962

0.038

$2,200

$2,100

_____

_____

_____

Compute saving at each of the eight levels of disposable income and the missing average propensities to consume and to save.

1. The break-even level of disposable income is $________.

2. As disposable income rises, the marginal propensity to consume remains constant. Between each two GDPs the MPC can be found by dividing $________ by $________, and is equal to _______.

3. The marginal propensity to save also remains constant when the GDP rises. Between each two GDPs the MPS is equal to $________ divided by $________, or to _______.

Question 1

Which of the following describes the relationship between the change in inventories and aggregate expenditure?

A.

Aggregate expenditure equals the change in inventories minus GDP.
B.

The change in inventories equals GDP divided by aggregate expenditures.
C.

Aggregate expenditures equals GDP divided by the change in inventories.
D.

Aggregate expenditures equals GDP minus the change in inventories.
E.

The change in inventories equals GDP multiplied by aggregate expenditure.

1 points

Question 2

Suppose the marginal propensity to consume is 0.80 and taxes decrease by $10 billion. Which of the following is true?

A.

Disposable income and consumption fall by $10 billion
B.

Disposable income and consumption rise by $10 billion
C.

Disposable income rises by $10 billion and consumption rises by $8 billion
D.

Disposable income falls by $10 billion and consumption falls by $8 billion
E.

Disposable income rises by $10 billion and consumption falls by $8 billion

1 points

Question 3

If aggregate expenditure at a particular level of income is less than output,

A.

output will increase
B.

output will decrease
C.

output will remain the same
D.

output will rise slightly and then level off
E.

we cannot determine what will happen to output

1 points

Question 4

The consumption function

A.

illustrates the relationship between real disposable income and real consumption spending
B.

illustrates the relationship between the price level and real consumption spending
C.

is the relationship between productivity and real consumption spending
D.

shows how real consumption increases when real disposable income decreases
E.

illustrates the relationship between real consumption spending and employment

1 points

Question 5

The focus of the short-run macro model is on the role of

A.

spending in explaining economic fluctuations
B.

labor in explaining economic fluctuations
C.

financial markets in explaining economic fluctuations
D.

output in explaining economic fluctuations
E.

resources in explaining economic fluctuations.

1 points

Question 6

If the output level is such that the aggregate expenditure line lies below the 45-degree line, which of the following is true?

A.

Aggregate expenditure is greater than output, so inventories will increase and output will be raised.
B.

Aggregate expenditure is greater than output, so inventories will decrease and output will be increased.
C.

Aggregate expenditure is less than output, so inventories will decrease and output will be raised.
D.

Aggregate expenditure is less than output, so inventories will increase and output will be lowered.
E.

Aggregate expenditure is greater than output, so inventories will increase and output will be lowered.

1 points

Question 7

If the marginal propensity to consume is 0.7, the expenditure multiplier is

A.

7.0
B.

0.7
C.

3.0
D.

3.3
E.

not determinable without additional information.

1 points

Question 8

Aggregate expenditure is the sum of

A.

all types of spending by households and firms
B.

spending and savings by households
C.

spending by households and governments on final goods and services
D.

spending by households, government, firms, and foreigners on final goods and services
E.

all spending and saving by households, firms, and governments

1 points

Question 9

If the marginal propensity to consume is 0.5 and disposable income increases by $10,000, by how much will consumption spending increase?

A.

$10,000
B.

$500
C.

$50
D.

$5,000
E.

$9,524

1 points

Question 10

When real consumption expenditure is plotted against real disposable income the resulting relationship is

A.

very weak.
B.

virtually flat .
C.

positive and very close to linear.
D.

negative and very close to linear.

1. Menu costs are:

A) the costs of materials.

B) the cost of changing prices.

C) particularly low when inflation is high.

D) a reason that the inflation rate typically underestimates true price level changes.

2. A market basket costs $150 to buy in the base year and $60 to buy in year X.

A. the price index for year X is 250.

B. Year X probably occurred after the base year.

C. Year X is the base year.

D. the price index for year X is .4 or 40%.

3. A traditional expansionary gap is created when the aggregate demand curve moves to the:

A. right of the natural rate of output; inflation rises and unemployment falls.

B. left of the natural rate of output; inflation falls and unemployment rises.

C. right of the natural rate of output; inflation falls and unemployment rises.

D. left of the natural rate of output; inflation rises and unemployment falls.

4. Consumers change their purchases and move ALONG the same consumption function when:

A) Their income changes

B) Their tastes change

C) The price level changes

D) All of the above.

5. If MPC is .75 then if consumer income rises by $10,000 we would predict that consumption will:

A. rise by $7500 while savings fall by $2500.

B. fall by $2500 while savings rise by $7500.

C. rise by $7500 while savings rise by $2500.

D. fall by $2500 while savings fall by $7500.

6. Autonomous consumption is

A. that part of consumption that rises or falls with changes in disposable income.
B. the minimum that people will spend even if disposable income is zero.
C. the amount people will spend when the C line crosses the 45-degree line.
D. the amount people will spend when income is equal to consumption.

7. A low rate of investment could be explained by a

A. low rate of saving and low-interest rates.
B. low rate of saving and high-interest rates.
C. high rate of saving and low-interest rates.
D. high rate of saving and high-interest rates.

8. Mr. A makes $40,000 a year; Ms. B makes $20,000 a year. Mr. A pays $6,000 in taxes while Ms. B pays $4,000 in taxes. Which of the following is true?

A. Taxes are progressive because Mr. A pays a higher dollar amount in taxes than Ms. B

B. Taxes are neutral because Mr. A makes more money before and after taxes than Ms. B.

C. Taxes are regressive because Mr. A pays a lower tax rate than Ms. B.

D. Taxes are progressive because Ms. B pays a lower dollar amount in tax.

9. The 45 degree line in the full AE model represents

A. all points where C = Y.

B. all points where AE = Y

C. all points where C + I = G + Xn

D. all points where C = I + G + Xn

10. International trade:

A. Allows countries to specialize in the goods at which they are best at producing.

B. can increase the goods and services both trading partners have.

C. can be unbalanced where one partner exports more to the other than the other way around.

D. all of the above.

11. If AD rises in the short run:

A. it pushes up the price level.

B. it decreases national output.

C. increases full employment.

D. all of the above.

12. We cut down trees and sell the timber for $8000. The timber is sawn up into lumber that sells for $18,000. The lumber is used to build furniture that sells to consumers for $30,000.

A. $30,000 goes into GDP.

B. $4000 goes into GDP.

C. $56,000 goes into GDP.

D. $22,000 goes into GDP.

13. The long-run annual growth rate of the U.S. economy tends to be about:

A. 1% or less.

B. 2%

C. 5%

D. 10% or more.