NSE 22A/B Chapter Notes - Chapter 61: Amantadine, Leo White, Deep Brain Stimulation
25 Apr 2016
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It"s the most common form of parkinsonism syndrome characterized by similar symptoms. Many forms of parkinsonism other than parkinson"s disease (pd) Parkinsonism-like symptoms have occurred after intoxication with variety of chemicals, incl. Drug-induced parkinsonism can follow reserpine (serpasil), methyldopa (aldomet), lithium, haloperidol, and phenothiazine (thorazine) therapy. Can also be seen following use of illicit drugs incl. amphetamine and methamphetamine. Other causes incl. encephalitis, meningitis, vascular parkinsonism, progressive supranuclear palsy, multiple system atrophy, and dementia with lewy bodies. Pathological process of pd involves degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in substantia nigra of midbrain responsible for controlling voluntary movements. Lewy bodies are form of protein deposits that are present in residual dopaminergic neurons that have been damaged: degeneration disrupts normal balance between dopamine (da) and acetylcholine (ach) in basal ganglia. Da is an inhibiting neurotransmitter essential for normal functioning of extrapyramidal motor system, incl. control of posture, support, and voluntary motion. Onset is insidious, with gradual progression and prolonged course.
