PAT 20A/B Chapter Notes - Chapter 31: Collecting Duct System, Primary Polydipsia, Nephron
7 Oct 2016
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Chapter 31: disorders in fluid & electrolyte balance (pp. Water provides ~90-93% of volume of body fluids. Concentration of sodium primarily controls ecf osmolarity. Changes in sodium are normally followed by changes in water concentration. Most abundant cation in the body 60 mmol/kg. Mostly in the ecf and small amounts in the icf. Sodium that enters the cell is transported back out by na+/k- atpase (against electrochemical gradient) It and cl- and hco3- account for ~90-95% of osmotic activity. Contributes to the acid base balance and nervous system function. Sodium usually enters body through gi tract and eliminated through kidneys. Most sodium losses occur though kidneys when levels are low the kidneys are able to reabsorb sodium that was initially filtered. Sodium losses increase with diarrhea, vomiting, fistula drainage, gi tract suction, repeated tap water enemas. Effective circulating volume: regular of sodium and water balance. Monitored by baroreceptors that respond to pressure induced stretch of the vessel walls.
