PSY 602 Chapter 7: Developmental Psych Chapter 7 Text
21 Nov 2016
School
Department
Course
Professor
Developmental Psychopathology Textbook Notes
Chapter 7, Mood Disorders
Introduction
- Emerging discussion about mood disorders in youth due to promising developments, emergence of
assessment measures and improvements in diagnostic practices
- Dominant view of history was the orthodox psychoanalytical perspective (superego punishing ego >
depression)
- Masked depression concept says sad mood and other symptoms needed for diagnosis weren’t present in
youth and were masked by depressive equivalents such as delinquency
- Mood disorders can be unipolar (one mood experienced, ex. depression) or bipolar (depression and mania)
- Use of direct observation, DSM definition and Child Depression Inventory to diagnose; when depression =
high score on CDI there was more hopelessness, lower self esteem, internal attribution and control was due
to external factors
- Major depressive disorder is the primary DSM category for defining depression, presence of 1+ depressive
episodes, symptoms include depressed mood (irritable for youth), loss of interest, sleep problems, weight
change, etc (5+, one which is irritable mood or loss of interest) for 2+ weeks
- Persistent depressive disorder is more chronic (longer), irritable mood for 1+ year with 2+ more symptoms
- Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder was used to better define youth bipolar symptoms, irritable mood
+ angry outbursts, leads to development of depressive/anxiety disorders and not bipolar
- Syndromes including depression usually include anxiety, youth depression is more dimensional than
categorical
- The term depression refers to unhappy mood (sadness or dysphoria), includes irritability, social
withdrawal, low self esteem, changes in biological functions (sleeping, eating) and somatic complaints
- Depression + anxiety disorders (especially separation), as well as ODD/CD and substance abuse
Epidemiology
- Major depressive disorder is the most diagnosed mood disorder in youth, up to 28% have experiences a
depressive episode by 19 (1/4 youth)
- More prevalent in adolescents, more in adolescent girls (2:1) with difference being highest between 15-18,
lower SES status, Latina American girls
- 40-70% meet criteria for another disorder, 20-50% meet criteria for 2+ disorders
Depression and Development
- Infants lack the cognitive and verbal abilities necessary to self reflect, however those who are separated
from primary caregivers show symptoms similar to depression (withdrawn, irritable, sleep problems)
- In middle school (6-12) prolonged patterns of symptoms emerge, however there is a lack of verbalization
- Continuity of major depression in adulthood was lower among prepubertal onset youth, therefore
adolescence is when depressive syndromes really emerge, however episodes last longer if onset was
prepubertal
Etiology
- Genetic contribution higher in adolescent onset, gene environment interaction
- Serotonin, norepinephrine and acetylcholine neurotransmitters, dysregulation of the neuroendocrine
system (high levels of stress hormone cortisol), MRI showing abnormalities in prefrontal and amygdala
- 2 aspects of temperament that affect depression are negative affectivity (tendency to experience negative
emotions) and positive affectivity (energy, sociability); high NA = depression + anxiety, low PA = only
depression
- Separation, loss or rejection > loss of or inadequate positive reinforcement > depression; but NOT direct
- Depression in children 8-15 isn’t directly linked to loss but to family warmth and other positive events
following
- The way in which depressed individuals relate to others and are viewed by others > depression, lowered
activity level + lack of interpersonal skills
- Learned helplessness teaches youth they aren’t in control of their environment
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Emerging discussion about mood disorders in youth due to promising developments, emergence of assessment measures and improvements in diagnostic practices depression) Dominant view of history was the orthodox psychoanalytical perspective (superego punishing ego > Masked depression concept says sad mood and other symptoms needed for diagnosis weren"t present in. Mood disorders can be unipolar (one mood experienced, ex. depression) or bipolar (depression and mania) Persistent depressive disorder is more chronic (longer), irritable mood for 1+ year with 2+ more symptoms. Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder was used to better define youth bipolar symptoms, irritable mood. + angry outbursts, leads to development of depressive/anxiety disorders and not bipolar. Syndromes including depression usually include anxiety, youth depression is more dimensional than categorical. The term depression refers to unhappy mood (sadness or dysphoria), includes irritability, social withdrawal, low self esteem, changes in biological functions (sleeping, eating) and somatic complaints. Depression + anxiety disorders (especially separation), as well as odd/cd and substance abuse.
