LING 290 Chapter Notes - Chapter Week 2: Phonetic Transcription, Peter Ladefoged, Formant
1 Nov 2017
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Described in terms of position of the highest point of the tongue. Body of the tongue is always domed upwards. All have many different pitches simultaneously. (overtones) First formant: lower pitch (created by the space behind the tongue) Second formant: higher pitch (created by the space in front of the tongue) Must be described in relation to other items: eg. The pattern of intonation in a sentence no matter the actual pitch is. (man, woman, child) Variations in stress can be used to distinguish between nouns and verbs: noun= first syllable stress (pervert, verbs= last syllable stress (pervert) Increased activity of the respiratory muscles (louder sound: exaggeration of consonant and vowel properties, exaggeration of pitch. Pitch: how we interpret frequency. (may be equated to the fundamental frequency) What we are focusing on in this chapter. Phonology: the description of the systems and patterns of sound that occur in a language. Phonemes: sounds that differentiate meaning in a word.
