BIOL108 Chapter 27: BACTERIA AND ARCHAEA (p. 603-622)
13 Jan 2020
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A sticky layer of polysaccharide/protein that surrounds the cell wall. Called a capsule if it is dense & well-defined. Called a slime layer if it is less well organized roles: Prokaryotic cells usually 0. 5-5 m big & unicellular but have distinct shapes. Enable prokaryotes to adhere to their substrate/other individuals. Some stick to others by hairlike appendages called fimbriae (usually shorter and more numerous than pili) Pili - appendages that pull two cells together prior to. Dna transfer; often referred to as sex pili. Shields pathogenic prokaryotes from attacks by their host"s immune system. Contain peptidoglycan - a polymer composed of modified sugars cross-linked by short polypeptides. Encloses the entire bacterium & anchors other molecules that extend from its surface. A technique called the gram stain helps classify bacterial species into 2 groups based on their cell wall composition the cell wall structure of the bacterium determines the staining response:
