NUTR100 Chapter Notes - Chapter 14: Intellectual Disability, Nicotine, Breast Milk
21 Jun 2018
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Chapter 14 Additional Readings:
- Entering the Stage of Weaning4-6 months
oInfant’s weight doubles from 4-6 months
oDigestive and urinary systems become developed to handle solid foods
oInfant gradually displays feeding skills (swallowing reflex develops, infant
indicates desire for food by opening mouth and leaning forward, indicates
satiety or disinterest by turning away and leaning back, able to sit upright with
support, displays chewing action, bring hand to mouth, grasps objects with palm
of hand
oNutrient needs during 4-6 months of age: greater nutrient requirements are
needed to support rapid growth and development
oInfant’s body stores of nutrients diminish
oBreast milk and/or baby formula alone do not adequately meet the baby’s
increased nutritional needs
- Weaning: addition of solid foods to infants appetite is appropriate when
oInfant has doubled their birth weight, they can consume 250ml of formula, infant
is hungry less than four hours after feeding, infant can sit up and control his/her
head movements, infant is consuming 1L of milk a day and wants more, infant is
six months of age
- Smoking during pregnancy: nicotine limits blood supply to the fetus, C) lowers oxygen
supply to the fetus
- Breastfeeding: for an adequate supply of milk, woman needs an additional 450calories
of food above normal energy intake
oAdditional 25g of protein is needed for milk production
o100mg of calcium is needed
obreastfeed prior to exercising as it can change the taste of the milk\
- Alcohol: effects of alcohol on fetus is ten times greater
oDeprives the fetal brain of oxygen, glucose and other nutrients
oResults in mental retardation, poor coordination, hyperactivity, and prenatal and
postnatal growth retardation
oThe type and extent of the damage in a child with FAS depends on the
developmental stage at the time of exposure
During theh first trimester, major organs are forming and could be
malformed
Second trimester, higher risk of spontaneous abortion if alcohol is
consumed
Third trimester is a period of rapid growth, could lead to physical
malforamtions or brain damage
- Recognizing infant formulas:
oMost are iron fortified, so they are modified so they are more digestible by the
infant
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