Introduction to Human Physiology
CHAPTER 8Dendrites receive incoming signalsAxons carry outgoing informationSynapse A junction between a neuron and a target (pre and post synaptic cells)Myelin insulates the axon (schwann cells), myelin wraps around the ax...
CH14Major Components of Cardiovascular systemThe heart (3 components)o2 separate pumps (L and R)o4 chambers (LR atrium, LR ventricles)o4 valves (AV valves, semilunar valves)Blood VesselsoComprised of arteries, arterioles, ...
InthemostefficientcirculatorysystemstheheartpumpsbloodthroughaclosedsystemofvesselsThis1waycircuitsteersthebloodalongaspecificrouteensuressystematicdistributionofgasesnutrientssignalmoleculeswastesAcirculatorysystemcompris...
EvolutionofNervousSystemsNervoussystemsevolvedfromasimplenetworkofneuronstocomplexbrainsFig91ThecerebrumisresponsibleforthoughtandemotionAnatomyoftheCentralNervousSystemTheCNSDevelopsfromaHollowTubeThecentralnervoussystemc...
Ourmuscleshave2commonfunctionstogeneratemotiontogenerateforceThehumanbodyhas3typesofmuscletissueskeletalmusclecardiacmusclesmoothmuscleMostskeletalmusclesareattachedtothebonesoftheskeletonenablingbodymovementCardiacmusclei...
TheefferentdivisionoftheperipheralnervoussystemconsistsofsomaticmotorneuronswhichcontrolskeletalmusclesandautonomicneuronswhichcontrolsmoothmusclecardiacmusclemanyglandssomeadiposetissueTheAutonomicDivisioninvoluntarycontr...
Organization of the Nervous SystemThe nervous system can be divided in 2 parts Figure 81 The central nervous system consists of the brain and the spinal cord The peripheral nervous system PNS consists of sensory afferent n...
Energy Is Used to Perform WorkAll living organisms obtain store and use energy to fuel their activities Energy can be defined as the capacity to do work but what is work In biological systems the word means one of three sp...
Compartments may separate a cells intracellular fluid from the external environment As cells evolve each compartment cooperates with one another and specialize within specific functionsAdvantage Biological compartments sep...
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