PSYC 1000 Chapter Notes - Chapter 27: Microsoft Onenote, Availability Heuristic, Belief Perseverance
10 Dec 2015
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Cognition: all mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering and communicating. Concepts: a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas or people. Simplify and generalize (to a reasonable extent) our thinking (ex. While they speed and guide our thinking, they don"t always make us wise. Prototype: mental image or best example of a category. Matching new items to a prototype provides a quick and easy method for sorting items into categories (ex. Comparing feathered creatures to a prototypical bird; the robin) Algorithm: methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. Heuristic: simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone than algorithms. Insight: sudden realization of a problem"s solution; contrasts with strategy-based solutions. We more eagerly seek out and favour evidence verifying our ideas than evidence refuting them. Conformation bias: tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence.
