PSY 3128 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Lipoprotein, Circadian Rhythm, Basal Metabolic Rate
5 Jun 2018
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Chapter 4: Biology & Physical Changes 66-98
Age related changes begin in the 20s, but the first signs appear in the 30s when the skin starts to show small wrinkles,
slight drooping or loss of resilience, and changes in color and texture. Later the skin becomes more translucent.
- Outmost layer of skin is known as the epidermis
- Dermis is the middle layer of the skin, containing collagen and elastin
- Subcutaneous fat layer is the bottommost layer of skin giving the skin its opacity and smoothing the
curves of the arms, legs, and face.
- Photo aging occurs on the epidermis
- Loss of skin elasticity occurs in the dermis
- Subcutaneous fat drifts toward the middle of the body
Sunscreen used to just be a glorified moisturizer and now it is imparted with collagen and tretinoin – which is the
active ingredient in retinol.
Botox is short for botulinum toxin; nerve poison is injected into the area of concern and causes the muscle to relax.
Hair: pigmentation diminishes over time, while the number of hairs that are no longer pigmented increases.
- Hair loss occurs through destruction of germination centers that produce hair in the hair follicles
- Andro-genetic alopecia is a condition that effects 96% of adult men and 20% of adult women, it is where
thick follicles known as terminal hair stop being produced and invisible hair knows as vellus begins to
grow in its place.
Body Build
- You lose as much as an inch of height over your life due to vertebrae degeneration
- Fat free mass (FFM) decreases in old age
- BMI is an index of body fat
- Bodyweight is a U shaped trend age, people increase their weight from 20-50 and then begin to use it as
they become more frail.
Older Canadian Movement Guidelines: 150 minuets of moderate to vigorous intensity aerobic physical activity per
week in bouts of 10 minuets or more. Plus, two muscle or bone strengthening activities per week.
- Can enhance balance to prevent falls
- Better for psychological well-being
- Maintain bone health
- Maintain functional independence
- Maintain mobility
- Improve fitness
- Improve or maintain body weight
- Helps fight chronic disease such as high blood pressure or heart disease and premature death
Mobility: beginning in your 40s each component of mobility undergoes significant age-related losses. Consequently,
people walk more slowly as they get older.
Muscles: progressive muscle loss known as sarcopenia. The number and size of muscle fibers decreases, especially
the you use in speed and strength. As indicated by research from cross-sectional studies, muscle strength (as measured
by maximum force) peaks in the 20s and 30s, remains at a plateau until the 40s and 50s, and then declines at a faster
rate of 12 to 15% each decade.
There is loss of arterial cartilage in joints, a loss of bone mineral content, and scaropenia in muscles.
- This can also occur because signals between the brain and body telling the muscle to contact are lacking
in the nervous system.
- The stronger muscles are the more they pull apart from the bones.
Bones: living tissue that constantly reconstructs itself through a process of bone remodeling in which old cells are
destroyed and replaced by new cells. The general pattern of bone development in adulthood individuals and increase
in the rate of none destruction, rather than renewal, and greater porosity of the calcium matrix leading to loss of bone
mineral content.
- Genetic factors account for 70% of bone loss
- Heavier people in general have higher bine mineral content so they lose less in adulthood.
- Greater fat mass is related to higher loss of bone mineral content.
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Document Summary
Age related changes begin in the 20s, but the first signs appear in the 30s when the skin starts to show small wrinkles, slight drooping or loss of resilience, and changes in color and texture. Outmost layer of skin is known as the epidermis. Dermis is the middle layer of the skin, containing collagen and elastin. Subcutaneous fat layer is the bottommost layer of skin giving the skin its opacity and smoothing the curves of the arms, legs, and face. Loss of skin elasticity occurs in the dermis. Subcutaneous fat drifts toward the middle of the body. Sunscreen used to just be a glorified moisturizer and now it is imparted with collagen and tretinoin which is the active ingredient in retinol. Botox is short for botulinum toxin; nerve poison is injected into the area of concern and causes the muscle to relax. Hair: pigmentation diminishes over time, while the number of hairs that are no longer pigmented increases.
