MGAD10H3 Chapter Notes - Chapter 6: Audit Risk, Audit Evidence, Financial Statement

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29 Jun 2013

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Document Summary

Cas 200 overall objectives of the independent auditor. Cas 300 planning an audit of financial statements. Cas 330 the auditor"s responses to assessed risks. 6. 1 tests of controls and substantive procedures. Audit strategy strategy that sets the scope, timing, and direction of the audit and provides the basis for developing a detailed audit plan. Conducted to establish that controls: operate effectively and consistently. Common procedures: inspection for authorization, performance of tasks, enquiry of client personnel, re-performance. There are three types of substantive procedures: substantive tests of transactions, balances, and analytical procedures. Purpose of the test and the procedure used (i. e. to input data and see the control reactions) When procedures are performed (i. e. test of controls can be done during interim period) For high-risk accounts, the timing of most audit procedures will be at, or after, year end. The amount of audit evidence gathered when testing controls and conducting detailed substantive procedures.

Related Questions

The following tests of controls and substantive tests oftransactions audit procedures for
acquisitions and cash disbursements are to be used in the audit ofWard Publishing Company. You
concluded that internal control appears effective and a reducedassessed control risk is likely to be cost
beneficial. Wardâs active involvement in the business, goodseparation of duties, and competent
controller and other employees are factors affecting youropinion.

PART I:

Tests f Controls and Substantive Tests of Transactions AuditProcedures for Acquisitions and
Cash Disbursements
1. Foot and cross-foot the acquisitions and cash disbursementsjournals for 2 months and trace
totals to postings in the general ledger.
2. Scan the acquisitions and cash disbursements journals for allmonths and investigate any unusual
entries.
3. Reconcile cash disbursements per books to cash disbursements perbank statement for 1 moth.
4. Examine evidence that the bank reconciliation is prepared by thecontroller.
5. Inquire and observe whether the accounts payable master filebalances are periodically
reconciled to vendorâs statements by the controller.
6. Examine the log book s evidence that the numerical sequence ofchecks is accounted for by
someone independent of the preparation function.
7. Inquire and observe that checks are mailed by D. Ward or someoneunder his supervision after
he signs checks.
8. Examine initials indicating that the controller balances theaccounts payable master file to the
general ledger monthly.
9. Select a sample of entries in the cash disbursements journaland
a. Obtain related cancelled checks and compare with entry forpayee, date, and amount and
examine signature endorsement.
b. Obtain vendorsâ invoices, receiving reports, and purchaseorders, and
1. Determine that supporting documents are attached to vendorsâinvoices.
2. Determine that documents agree with the cash disbursementsjournal.
3. Compare vendorsâ names, amounts, and dates with entries.
4. Determine whether a discount was taken when appropriate.
5. Examine vendorsâ invoices for initials indicating an independentreview of chart of
account coding.
6. Examine reasonableness of cash disbursements and accountcodlings.
7. Review invoices for approval of acquisition by Ward.
8. Review purchase orders and /or purchase requisitions for properapproval.
9. Verify prices and recalculate footings and extensions oninvoices.
10. Compare quantities and descriptions on purchase orders,receiving reports, and vendorsâ
invoices to the extent applicable.
11. Examine vendorsâ invoices and receiving reports to determinethat the check numbers
are included and the documents are marked âpaidâ at the time ofcheck signing.
c. Trace posting to the accounts payable master file for name,amount, and date. 10. Select a sample of receiving reports issuedduring the year and trace to vendorsâ invoice and
entries in the acquisitions journal.
a. Compare type of merchandise, name of vendor, date received,quantities, and amounts.
b. If the transaction is indicated in the acquisitions journal aspaid, trace the check number to
the entry in the cash disbursements journal. If unpaid, investigatereasons.
c. Trace transactions to accounts payable master file, comparingname, amount, and date.
Required: Prepare all parts of a sampling datasheet through the planned sample size for the preceding
audit program, assuming that a line item in the cash disbursementjournal is used for the sampling unit.
Use either nonstatistical or attributes sampling. For allprocedures for which the line item in the cash
disbursements journal is not an appropriate sampling unit, assumethat audit procedures were
performed on a nonsampling basis. For all tests of controls, use atolerable exception rate of 5%, and for
all substantive tests of transactions, use a rate of 6%. Use anARACR of 10%, which is considered
medium. Plan for an estimated population exception rate of 1% fortests of controls and 0% for
substantive tests of transactions.
Prepare the data sheet using the computer (also applies to PartII)

	Planned Audit
Description of Attributes	EPER	TER	ARO (10%)	Initial sample size

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13-35 (Objectives 13-3, 13-4) McClain Plastics has been an auditclient of Belcor, Rich, Smith & Barnes, CPAs (BRS&B), forseveral years. McClain Plastics was started by Evers McClain, whoowns 51% of the companyâs stock. The balance is owned by about 20stockholders, who are investors with no operationalresponsibilities. McClain Plastics makes products that have plasticas their primary material. Some are made to order, but mostproducts are made for inventory. An example of aMcClain-manufactured product is a plastic chair pad that is used ina carpeted office. Another is a plastic bushing that is used withcertain fastener systems.

McClain has grown from a small, two-product company, when theyfirst engaged BRS&B, to a successful, diverse company. At thetime Randall Sessions of BRS&B became manager of the audit,annual sales had grown to $200 million and profits to $10.9million. Historically, the company presented no unusual auditproblems, and BRS&B had issued an unmodified opinion everyyear.

The audit approach BRS&B always used on the audit of McClainPlastics was a âsubstantiveâ audit approach. Under this approach,the in-charge auditor obtained an understanding of internal controlas part of the risk assessment procedures, but control risk wasassessed at the maximum (100%). Extensive analytical procedureswere done on the income statement, and unusual fluctuations wereinvestigated. Detailed audit procedures emphasized balance sheetaccounts. The theory was that if the balance sheet accounts werecorrect at year-end and had been audited as of the beginning of theyear, then retained earnings and the income statement must becorrect.

Part I

In evaluating the audit approach for McClain for the currentyearâs audit, Sessions believed that a substantive approach wasreally only appropriate for the audits of small nonpubliccompanies. In his judgment, McClain Plastics, with sales of $200million and 146 employees, had reached the size where it was noteconomical, and probably not wise, to concentrate all the tests onthe balance sheet. Furthermore, although McClain is not a publiccompany, Sessions recognized that similar public companies arerequired by Section 404 of the SarbanesâOxley Act and related PCAOBstandards to have an integrated audit of the financial statementsand internal control over financial reporting. Therefore, hedesigned an audit program that emphasized identifying internalcontrols in all major transaction cycles and included tests ofcontrols. The intended economic benefit of this âreducing controlriskâ approach was that the time spent testing controls would bemore than offset by reduced tests of details of the balance sheetaccounts.

In planning tests of inventories, Sessions used the audit riskmodel included in auditing standards to determine the number ofinventory items BRS&B would test at year-end. Because of thenumber of different products, features, sizes, and colors,McClainâs inventory consisted of 2,450 different items. These weremaintained on a perpetual inventory management system that used arelational database.

In using the audit risk model for inventories, Sessions believedthat an audit risk of 5% was acceptable. He assessed inherent riskas high (100%) because inventory, by its nature, is subject to manytypes of misstatements. Based on his understanding of the relevanttransaction cycles, Sessions believed that internal controls wereeffective. He therefore assessed control risk as low (50%) beforeperforming tests of controls. Sessions also planned to usesubstantive analytical procedures for tests of inventory. Theseplanned tests included comparing gross profit margins by month andreviewing for slow-moving items. Sessions believed that these testswould provide assurance of 40%. Substantive tests of details wouldinclude tests of inventory quantities, costs, and net realizablevalues at an interim date two months before year-end. Cutoff testswould be done at year-end. Inquiries and substantive analyticalprocedures would be relied on for assurance about events betweenthe interim audit date and fiscal year-end.

Required

Decide which of the following will likely be done under both areducing control risk approach and a substantive approach:

Assess inherent risk.

Obtain an understanding of internal control.

Perform tests of controls.

Perform substantive analytical procedures.

Assess planned detection risk.

What advantages does the reducing control risk approach Sessionsplanned to use have over the substantive approach previously usedin the audit of McClain Plastics?

What advantages did the substantive approach have over thereducing control risk approach?

Part II

The engagement partner agreed with Sessionsâs recommendedapproach. In planning the audit evidence for detailed inventorytests, the audit risk model was applied with the followingresults:

PDR=AATIRÃCRÃAPR

where:

PDR=PlanneddetectionriskAAR=acceptableauditriskIR=inherentriskCR=controlriskAPR=analyticalproceduresrisk

Therefore, using Sessionsâs assessments and judgments asdescribed previously,

PDR=.051.0Ã.5Ã.6PDR=.17

Required

Explain what .17 means in this audit.

Calculate PDR assuming that Sessions had assessedcontrol risk at 100% and all other risks as they are stated.

Explain the effect of your answer in requirement b. on theplanned audit procedures and sample size in the audit of inventorycompared with the .17 calculated by Sessions.

Part III

Although the planning went well, the actual testing yielded somesurprises. When conducting tests of controls over acquisitions andadditions to the perpetual inventory, the staff person performingthe tests found that the deviation rates for several key controlswere significantly higher than expected. As a result, the staffperson considered internal control to be operating lesseffectively, supporting an 80% control risk rather than the 50%level used. Accordingly, the staff person âreworkedâ the audit riskmodel as follows:

PDR=.051.0Ã.8Ã.6PDR=.10

A 10% test of details risk still seemed to the staff person tobe in the âmoderateâ range, so he recommended no increase inplanned sample size for substantive tests.

Required

Do you agree with the staff personâs revised judgments about theeffect of tests of controls on planned substantive tests? Explainthe nature and basis of any disagreement. If BRS&B was alsoissuing a report on internal control over financial reporting,describe the implications of these results on the auditorâsinternal control report.

Which of the following statements is most correct regarding the independent auditor's reliance on the tests of controls performed by the internal auditors to reduce their substantive testing?

1-The independent auditor must obtain assurance of the independence of the internal auditors but need not test their work.

2-It is not acceptable for the independent auditor to rely upon the work of the internal auditors.

3-There are no restrictions in relying upon the work of internal auditors.

4-The independent auditor must evaluate the competency and objectivity of the internal auditors and must test a sample of the work of the internal auditors in order to rely upon their work.

The term "materiality" as used in auditing is best described as the

1-substance of the auditing procedures.

2-amount of misstatement on the financial statements that would influence a decision maker.

3-underlying evidence upon which the audit opinion is based.

4-amount of material the auditor gathers as evidence to support the audit opinion.

Prior to accepting an audit client an auditor has a professional obligation to

1-contact the predecessor auditor.

2-perform preliminary analytical review procedures.