PSYB10H3 Chapter Notes - Chapter 2: Field Experiment, External Validity, Natural Experiment
Document Summary
Hindsight bias: people"s tendency to be overconfident about whether they could have predicted a given outcome. Thought experiment: thinking through how one would test a given idea which can lead to new hypotheses that might seem preferable to one"s initial speculation. Hypothesis: a prediction about what will happen under particular circumstances. Theory: a body of related propositions intended to describe some aspect of the world. Theory: hypotheses are tested by studies, which examine predictions about what will happen in particular concrete contexts. Thus, theories are more general than hypotheses, which are more general than findings from the studies that test them. Balance theory: the theory that people like their thoughts to be consistent with one another, and will do substantial mental work to achieve such cognitive consistency. Participant observation: involves observing some phenomenon at close range. Random sampling: a subset of individuals chosen randomly from a large population. Convenience sampling: a selective choice of individuals, not random.
