PSYB45H3 Chapter 8: PSYB45 Chapter 8
Document Summary
Operant behaviour are controlled by their consequences, & operant conditioning manipulates consequences. Respondent behaviour are controlled by antecedent stimuli, & respondent conditioning manipulates antecedent stimuli. Ur: unconditioned response; elicited by antecedent stimulus, no conditioning (learning) required. Respondent conditioning occurs when a previously neutral stimulus (ns) is paired with an unconditioned response, & as a result the ns becomes a cs & elicits a cr similar to the ur. Trace and delay conditioning are most effective; backward conditioning least. Higher-order conditioning: ns paired with an already established cs, and ns then becomes a cs; its efficiency depends on the effectiveness of the cs used. Conditioned emotional responses (cer): includes fear, anger, disgust, and prejudice. Respondent extinction: extinction of a cr; involves repeated presentation of the cs without the us. Spontaneous recovery: when cr elicits cr after extinction; the magnitude of the cr is weaker this time and will disappear again if it s not reinforced by us.
