PSYB45H3 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Natural Environment, Reinforcement
Document Summary
A reinforcer that causes a specific behaviour to increase its frequency. Reinforcer is followed immediately from the situation to increase likelihood of that behaviour. Operant behaviours: behaviours operate in environment to generate consequences are in turn influenced by consequences: positive reinforcers -- increases behaviour; punishers decrease behaviour. Negative: increasing a response to remove of certain/aversive stimuli immediately (e. g. remove nagging by doing chores: **different from punishment punishment decreases that behaviour, while reinforcer increase. Factors influencing the effectiveness of positive reinforcement: selecting behaviour to be increased a. Identified specifically; ensure reliability of detecting instances; measurable behaviour: ensuring reinforcement program applied consistently, choosing reinforcers, every individual has different reinforcers; should use one that is most effective, 5 reinforcers: b. i. All reinforcers involve external stimuli and internal aspects: motivating operations a. Size of reinforcer must be sufficient to increase behaviour. Instructions help speed up learning process (e. g. specific instructions/tips help better than general advice) b.
