PSYB10H3 Chapter Notes - Chapter 6: Affective Forecasting, Social Intuitionism, Duration Neglect
Chapter 6: Emotions
Characterizing Emotion
• Emotion is a brief, specific response, both psychological and physiological, that helps
people meet goals, including social goals
• The experience of emotion is generally brief, lasting only seconds or minutes; moods
often last for hours or days
o The five components of emotion are an appraisal process, physiological
responses, expressive behavior, subjective feelings, and action tendencies
• The appraisal process consists of patterns of construal for evaluating events and objects
in the environment based on their relation to current goals
o A component of emotion; patterns of construal for evaluating events and objects
in the environment based on their relation to current goals
• Physiological responses include cardiovascular changes, such as sweating and blushing,
and activation of parts of the brain
• Expressive behavior enables people to communicate feelings and reactions through
facial expression, touch, and the voice
• Subjective feelings are the felt qualities of an emotion, typically described with words
• Emotions involve action tendencies, or motivation to behave in certain ways
o Anger, for example, can lead to positive behaviors, such as helping restore
justice
Emotional Expression: Universal and Culturally Specific
• Universal aspects to emotion are based on evolutionary factors; emotions enable
people to respond quickly and effectively to threats and opportunities related to
survival
• People in different cultures facially express happiness, sur- prise, sadness, anger,
disgust, and fear in similar ways
o People in certain cultures develop specific ways of expressing a particular
emotion, known as emotion accents
o Cultures vary in focal emotions, which are common in everyday experience
▪ An emotion that is especially common within a particular culture
• There are cultural differences in which emotions are highly valued, and in the display
rules that govern how emotions are expressed
o A culturally specific rule that governs how, when, and to whom people express
emotion
Emotions and Social Relationships
• Emotions help solve the commitment problem, enabling people to express sincere
oitet ad to ehae i as that eefit others’ ell-being, thus strengthening
social relationships
o The chemical oxytocin, circulating throughout the blood, contributes to building
commitment and trust
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