SOC101Y1 Chapter Notes - Chapter 8: Maternal Death, Epidemiological Transition, Disability-Adjusted Life Year
Health: state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being
Epidemiology: study of distribution of disease within a population
- Includes public health, medicine, biology, sociology
Epidemiologist: scientist studying social origins and distribution of poor health in a population and how
patterns of health and disease vary among and within societies
Patterns of Morbidity
- Morbidity: disease, impairment, accidents present within a population
- Measured according to incidence and prevalence of specific health problems
- Incidence: number of new cases of a specific health problem in a population during a given
period
- Prevalence: total number of cases of a condition in a population at a given time
- Acute condition: health condition that lasts no more than three months
- Chronic condition: long-term health problem
Persons infected with HIV face comorbidity, with higher rates of tuberculosis and hep. C
- Epidemiological transition: shift from a society characterized by low life expectancy and
parasitic and infectious diseases to one characterized by high life expectancy and chronic and
degenerative diseases
- Life expectancy: average number of years a person born in a given year can expect to live
- Mortality: death
- Cancer and heart disease leading cause of death in Canada
- Violent assault and suicide respectively first and second leading causes of death among
teens aged 15-19
- Infant mortality rate: number of deaths of live-born infants under one year of age per 1000 live
births (in a given year)
- Under-five mortality rate: rate of deaths among children age under give
- Maternal mortality rate: number of deaths resulting from complications associated with
pregnancy or childbirth per 1000 women
- Common causes: hemorrhage, infection, complications from unsafe abortions
- Burden of disease: number of deaths in a population combined with impact of premature death
and disability on that population
- Disability-adjusted life year (DALY): years lived with illness or disability; one DALY = one
year lost of healthy life
- Criticized as it does not recognize social exclusion of people with disabilities
HIV can be transferred through:
- Blood to blood contact
- Sexual contact
Document Summary
Health: state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. Epidemiology: study of distribution of disease within a population. Epidemiologist: scientist studying social origins and distribution of poor health in a population and how patterns of health and disease vary among and within societies. Morbidity: disease, impairment, accidents present within a population. Measured according to incidence and prevalence of specific health problems. Incidence: number of new cases of a specific health problem in a population during a given period. Prevalence: total number of cases of a condition in a population at a given time. Acute condition: health condition that lasts no more than three months. Persons infected with hiv face comorbidity, with higher rates of tuberculosis and hep. Epidemiological transition: shift from a society characterized by low life expectancy and parasitic and infectious diseases to one characterized by high life expectancy and chronic and degenerative diseases.
